摘要

动物粪便通常用于提高土壤肥力，但人们越来越担心这种做法会影响抗生素耐药性的发展和传播。这项实地研究的目的是为了确定每年农作物生产期间每年应用乳品对农业土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的出现和丰度的影响。处理包括（i）控制（不施肥或肥料），（ii）无机肥料和（iii）三种施用率的乳制品肥料。使用定量PCR来确定从土壤中提取的DNA中绝对（每克干土）和相对（每16S rRNA基因）ARG的丰度。针对6个ARG和1个1类整合。这项研究发现：（i）施用肥料可增加ARG丰度高于背景土壤水平; （ii）粪肥施用率越高，土壤中的ARG丰度越高; （iii）施用粪肥的量比重复发生相同量的粪肥的年度施用更重要; （iv）ARG的绝对丰度和发生率随着土壤深度的增加而减少，但相对丰度保持不变。这项研究表明，与对照和无机肥料地块相比，应用于土壤的奶牛粪便显着增加临床相关ARG的丰度。

Animal manures are commonly used to enhance soil fertility, but there are growing concerns over the impact of this practice on the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this field study was to determine the effect of annual dairy manure applications on the occurrence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in an agricultural soil during four years of crop production. Treatments included (i) control (no fertilizer or manure), (ii) inorganic fertilizer and (iii) dairy manure at three application rates. Quantitative PCR was used to determine absolute (per g dry soil) and relative (per 16S rRNA gene) abundances of ARGs in DNA extracted from soils. Six ARGs and one class 1 integron were targeted. This study found that (i) manure application increases ARG abundances above background soil levels; (ii) the higher the manure application rate, the higher the ARG abundance in soil; (iii) the amount of manure applied is more important than reoccurring annual applications of the same amount of manure; (iv) absolute abundance and occurrence of ARGs decreases with increasing soil depth, but relative abundances remained constant. This study demonstrated that dairy manure applications to soil significantly increase the abundance of clinically relevant ARGs when compared to control and inorganic fertilized plots.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/94/3/fiy010/4817531