摘要

尽管抗生素耐药性（ABR）是一种重大的全球性健康威胁，但在发展中国家的快速城市化地区，垃圾渗滤液对抗生素生命周期和ABR发展的贡献还知之甚少。我们选择了亚洲最大的活性垃圾填埋场之一和两个已关闭20年的垃圾填埋场，以检查湿和干季采样过程中沥滤液中的抗生素和相关危害。我们专注于香港一些最常用的人类抗生素，亚洲人口最多的城市之一和世界人口第四密集的城市。通常根据先前报道的使用HPLC-MS / MS定量测定七种抗生素（头孢氨苄[CLX]，氯霉素[CAP]，环丙沙星[CIP]，红霉素[ERY]，罗红霉素[ROX]，甲氧苄啶[TMP]，磺胺甲恶唑[SMX]方法。鉴于CLX，CAP，ROX和SMX在渗滤液中未超过ABR预测无影响浓度（PNECs），在某些研究地点和某些日期观察到CIP，ERY和TMP超标。实际上，在所有研究地点的采样期间，渗滤液中均超过了CIP的ABR PNEC，包括直接排放到沿海系统的渗滤液。这些研究结果突出强调了对制药准入，使用和处置措施，干预策略（如渗滤液处理技术，药物回收计划）的有效性以及垃圾填埋渗沥液对抗生素和ABR生命周期的贡献的高级理解的重要性尤其是在快速城市化的沿海地区，废物管理系统比香港不太先进。

Though antibiotic resistance (ABR) represents a major global health threat, contributions oflandfill leachate to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development are poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries. We selected one of the largest activelandfills in Asia and two landfills that have been closed for 20 years to examine antibiotic occurrences in leachates and associated hazards during wet and dry season sampling events. We focused on some of the most commonly used human antibiotics in Hong Kong, one of the most populous Asian cities and the fourth most densely populated cities in the world. Seven antibiotics (cephalexin [CLX], chloramphenicol [CAP], ciprofloxacin [CIP], erythromycin [ERY], roxithromycin [ROX], trimethoprim [TMP], sulfamethoxazole [SMX]) were quantitated using HPLC-MS/MS generally following previously reported methods. Whereas CLX, CAP, ROX and SMX in leachates did not exceed ABR predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), exceedances were observed for CIP, ERY and TMP in some study locations and on some dates. In fact, an ABR PNEC for CIP was exceeded in leachates during both sampling periods from all study locations, including leachates that are directly discharged to coastal systems. These findings highlight the importance of developing an advanced understanding of pharmaceutical access, usage and disposal practices, effectiveness of intervention strategies (e.g., leachate treatment technologies, drug take-back schemes), and contributions of landfill leachates to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions with less advanced waste management systems than Hong Kong.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018300357