摘要
      微塑料的普遍使用及其通过人类活动/工业活动释放到环境中，特别是水体中，是微塑料污染的主要来源。在人类健康和卫生、农业、畜牧业和食品工业等各个部门，抗菌药物或抗生素的广泛使用往往是不明智的，导致抗生素释放到废水/污水和其他水体中，特别是在城市环境中，从而导致微生物的抗微生物耐药性。微塑料正在成为海洋、淡水、污水/废水和城市河流生态系统中这些微生物病原体的中心和有效载体，以及它们的AMR基因。这些耐药细菌与微塑料相互作用，形成合成塑料球，这是形成生物膜的理想生态位，反过来又通过水平基因转移促进ARGs的转移，并进一步加剧AMR的发生和水平。微塑料相关的AMR是对人类健康和医疗保健的一种新威胁，也是研究界对有效管理/解决这一威胁的挑战。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了微塑料在环境中日益普遍的情况，主要强调了水环境，它们如何作为微生物病原体及其相关细菌组合组成的中心和载体，并最终导致AMR。它进一步讨论了微塑料如何作为生物膜宿主（产生塑料层）的机制见解。我们还介绍了用于微塑料生物膜分析的现代工具箱。综述了解决微塑料相关AMR的潜在策略，以及最近的成功案例、挑战和未来前景。
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of microplastics and their release into the environment especially the water bodies by anthropogenic/industrial activities are the major resources for microplastic contamination. The widespread and often injudicious use of antimicrobial drugs or antibiotics in various sectors including human health and hygiene, agriculture, animal husbandry and food industries are leading to the release of antibiotics into the wastewater/sewage and other water bodies, particularly in urban setups and thus leads to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the microbes. Microplastics are emerging as the hubs as well as effective carriers of these microbial pathogens beside their AMR-genes (ARGs) in marine, freshwater, sewage/wastewater, and urban river ecosystems. These drug resistant bacteria interact with microplastics forming synthetic plastispheres, the ideal niche for biofilm formations which in turn facilitates the transfer of ARGs via horizontal gene transfer and further escalates the occurrence and levels of AMR. Microplastic-associated AMR is an emerging threat for human health and healthcare besides being a challenge for the research community for effective management/address of this menace. In this review, we encompass the increasing prevalence of microplastics in environment, emphasizing mainly on water environments, how they act as centers and vectors of microbial pathogens with their associated bacterial assemblage compositions and ultimately lead to AMR. It further discusses the mechanistic insights on how microplastics act as hosts of biofilms (creating the plastisphere). We have also presented the modern toolbox used for microplastic-biofilm analyses. A review on potential strategies for addressing microplastic-associated AMR is given with recent success stories, challenges and future prospects.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653521034779