摘要
      微塑料（MP）被认为是病原体在水生生态系统中远距离运输的一种新载体。然而，附着在MP上的病毒群落的组成及其环  境风险在很大程度上是未知的。在此，我们基于宏基因组分析，分析了从北仑河采集的五种不同MP的病毒多样性和潜在风险。近28.63亿个原始读数被产生和组装，注释导致在MP中识别出1719种不同的病毒。聚丙烯（PP）中的病毒表现出最高的多样性，检测到约250种特定病毒。通过快速期望-最大化微生物源追踪方法（FEAST）对MPs中病毒的源追踪表明，上游和下游MPs中的病毒是河口病毒的两个主要来源。此外，根据在病毒宏基因组中检测到的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和毒力因子（VFs），病毒的MP型依赖性潜在环境风险是显著的，并且PP被证实具有最高的潜在环境风险。这项研究揭示了不同MP中病毒的高度多样性和潜在环境风险，并为未来的环境监测和了解与病毒传播和MP污染相关的潜在风险提供了重要指导。
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been considered as a new vector for the long-distance transport of pathogens in aquatic ecosystems. However, the composition of viral communities attached on MPs and their environmental risk are largely unknown. Here, we profiled the viral diversity and potential risk in five different MPs collected from the Beilun River based on metagenomic analysis. Nearly 2863 million raw reads were produced and assembled, and annotation resulted in the identification of 1719 different species of viruses in MPs. Viruses in polypropylene (PP) displayed the highest diversity, with about 250 specific viruses detected. Source tracking of viruses in MPs by the fast expectation–maximization microbial source tracking method (FEAST) demonstrated that viruses in upstream and downstream MPs are two major sources of viruses in estuary. Furthermore, the MP-type-dependent potential environmental risk of viruses was significant based on both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) detected in viral metagenomes, and PP was confirmed with the highest potential environmental risk. This study reveals the high diversity and potential environmental risk of viruses in different MPs, and provides an important guidance for future environmental monitoring and understanding the potential risks associated with both viral transmission and MPs pollution.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022000721