摘要
     全球人口的增加加剧了世界各地的粮食短缺，并带来了转基因作物的发展，以克服这些挑战。玉米和大豆等主要作物的种植有利于转基因作物，而不是传统品种，以满足作物生产和恢复力需求。含有小干扰RNA分子和抗生素抗性基因的现代转基因作物在美国越来越普遍。然而，由于其遗传物质意外释放到环境中以及可能对人类和环境健康产生的下游影响的不确定性，这些作物的使用仍然存在争议。DNA或RNA转基因可能在种植过程中从作物组织中渗出，或在植物分解过程中释放并被土壤吸附。这有助于土壤或水环境中的持久性和生物利用度，以及土壤微生物群落可能的吸收，并将这些信息进一步传递给邻近的细菌，破坏微生物生态系统服务，如营养循环和土壤肥力。在这篇综述中，对转基因的作用机制、在作物中的应用以及有关其环境命运和对微生物影响的知识进行了评估。这旨在概括当前的知识，并促进对转基因可能造成的意外影响的进一步研究。
Abstract
Rising global populations have amplified food scarcity across the world and ushered in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops to overcome these challenges. Cultivation of major crops such as corn and soy has favoured GM crops over conventional varieties to meet crop production and resilience needs. Modern GM crops containing small interference RNA molecules and antibiotic resistance genes have become increasingly common in the United States. However, the use of these crops remains controversial due to the uncertainty regarding the unintended release of its genetic material into the environment and possible downstream effects on human and environmental health. DNA or RNA transgenes may be exuded from crop tissues during cultivation or released during plant decomposition and adsorbed by soil. This can contribute to the persistence and bioavailability in soil or water environment and possible uptake by soil microbial communities and further passing of this information to neighbouring bacteria, disrupting microbial ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and soil fertility. In this review, transgene mechanisms of action, uses in crops, and knowledge regarding their environmental fate and impact to microbes are evaluated. This aims to encapsulate the current knowledge and promote further research regarding unintended effects transgenes may cause.

https://academic.oup.com/jambio/article-abstract/133/5/2877/6989025?login=false