摘要
     对环境水库，特别是农业生态系统中的抗微生物耐药性（AMR）进行有效的风险评估，对于预测对抗生素治疗无反应的感染对动物和人类健康的威胁至关重要。然而，目前用于人类食物链AMR风险评估的方法很少依赖于与食品生产相关的抗生素耐药性基因（ARG）环境途径和相关定量数据。本项目旨在根据农业生态系统和相互关联环境中ARG的量化，改进与AMR沿食物/饲料链传播相关的风险评估。该研究员接受了培训，并与该团队密切合作开展了两个正在进行的研究项目，其中包括：（i）监测农田土壤和地表水中的ARGs，以确定和表征国家层面相关的AMR的食物/饲料链相关环境库；（ii）在一个国际项目中评估ARG动态与农业实践的关系，该项目评估生物多样性是临床相关ARG在环境中传播的生态屏障。根据内部优化和验证的条件，使用定制的引物/探针组，使用单/多重实时聚合酶链式反应（PCR）进行ARG定量。通过对ARGs风险评级的现有文献数据进行全面修订，以及对AMR定量知识差距和编码在游离细胞外DNA（exDNA）上的某些AMR决定因素在其环境传播中的作用进行研究的文献综述，完成了评估。
Abstract
Efficient risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environmental reservoirs, particularly agroecosystems, is critical for predicting threats to animal and human health due to infections unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. However, approaches currently employed for the risk assessment of AMR along the human food chain rarely rely on antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) environmental pathways connected to food production and related quantitative data. The present project aimed at improving the risk assessment related to the spread of AMR along the food/feed chain based on ARG quantification in agroecosystems and interconnected environments. The fellow received training and worked in close cooperation with the team on two ongoing research projects which involved: (i) the monitoring of ARGs in field soils and surface waters to identify and characterise food/feed chain-associated environmental reservoirs of AMR relevant at the national level; (ii) the evaluation of ARG dynamics in relation to agricultural practice within an international project assessing biodiversity as an ecological barrier for the spread of clinically relevant ARGs in the environment. ARG quantification was performed using single/multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with tailor-made primers/probe sets according to in-house optimised and validated conditions. The assessment was completed by a comprehensive revision of available literature data for risk-ranking of ARGs along with a literature review exploring AMR quantitative knowledge gaps and the role of certain AMR determinants encoded on free extracellular DNA (exDNA) in their environmental spread.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200407