摘要
      农民对化肥的依赖增加，对土壤肥力和生态系统稳定性构成了风险。促进植物生长的根际细菌（PGPR）处于可持续农业的前沿，为提高作物产量和土壤健康提供了多种好处。枯草芽孢杆菌是土壤中常见的PGPR，通过诱导系统抗性（ISR）、生物膜形成和脂肽产生，在赋予植物生物和非生物胁迫耐受性方面发挥着关键作用。作为生物修复技术的一部分，芽孢杆菌可以净化金属污染的土壤。在农业生态系统中，它是一种有效的反硝化剂，当以调节的浓度应用时，它可以改善固碳过程。尽管它携带了几个抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），但它可以通过改变现有微生物群的基因构成来减少粪肥堆肥过程中ARGs的水平转移。在某些情况下，它会影响根际的有益微生物。枯草芽孢杆菌的外部接种对内生和半合成微生物群落有积极和消极的影响。土壤质地、类型、pH值和细菌浓度在所有这些过程的调节中起着至关重要的作用。土壤改良剂和微生物工程产生的芽孢杆菌微生物群落可以用来减少对土壤微生物多样性的负面影响。可以使用转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表观基因组学策略来解码复杂的植物-微生物相互作用，这将有利于作物生产力和土壤微生物群的健康。枯草芽孢杆菌具有更多类似于杰基尔博士的积极属性，在植物生长、土壤健康和环境方面具有一些类似于海德先生的消极属性。
Abstract
The increased dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers poses a risk to soil fertility and ecosystem stability. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are at the forefront of sustainable agriculture, providing multiple benefits for the enhancement of crop production and soil health. Bacillus subtilis is a common PGPR in soil that plays a key role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to plants by induced systemic resistance (ISR), biofilm formation and lipopeptide production. As a part of bioremediating technologies, Bacillus spp. can purify metal contaminated soil. It acts as a potent denitrifying agent in agroecosystems while improving the carbon sequestration process when applied in a regulated concentration. Although it harbours several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), it can reduce the horizontal transfer of ARGs during manure composting by modifying the genetic makeup of existing microbiota. In some instances, it affects the beneficial microbes of the rhizosphere. External inoculation of B. subtilis has both positive and negative impacts on the endophytic and semi‐synthetic microbial community. Soil texture, type, pH and bacterial concentration play a crucial role in the regulation of all these processes. Soil amendments and microbial consortia of Bacillus produced by microbial engineering could be used to lessen the negative effect on soil microbial diversity. The complex plant–microbe interactions could be decoded using transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and epigenomics strategies which would be beneficial for both crop productivity and the well‐being of soil microbiota. Bacillus subtilis has more positive attributes similar to the character of Dr. Jekyll and some negative attributes on plant growth, soil health and the environment akin to the character of Mr. Hyde.

https://academic.oup.com/jambio/article-abstract/132/5/3543/6988701?login=false