摘要
      氨苄青霉素（AMP）在水生环境中的全球传播近年来备受关注。海洋厌氧氨氧化菌（MAB）具有良好的耐盐性，在处理含盐废水方面具有一定的潜力。然而，到目前为止，AMP对MAB的影响仍然未知。本文首次研究了AMP对MAB的影响，包括微生物群落进化和遗传反应。用MAB污泥接种的实验室规模的反应器在盐水条件（35g/L）和不同梯度的AMP胁迫下运行。在200个循环内，监测氮去除性能，并提取污泥样本进行高通量测序分析和qPCR。结果证实，MAB的脱氮能力随着AMP用量的增加而下降，在300mg/L AMP时几乎崩溃。总氮去除率和厌氧氨氧化比活性最终分别降至0.17 kg N m−3 d−1和101.86 mg N g−1VSS d−1。在第190次循环中，假交替单胞菌（38.13%）占据了反应器的主导地位，与MAB形成了新的共生关系。此外，还观察到嗜油性细菌的出现，如大肠杆菌（2.53%）。此外，抗生素抗性基因的丰度和多样性增加，表明AMP给药显著促进了微生物群落的进化和遗传反应

Abstract
Global spread of ampicillin (AMP) in the aquatic environment have attracted much attention recently. Marine anammox bacteria (MAB) have potentials in saline wastewater treatment due to their good salt tolerance. However, to date, the effect resulting from AMP on MAB is still unknown. Herein, the effect of AMP on MAB, involving microbial community evolution and genetic response, was investigated for the first time. A lab-scale reactor inoculated by MAB sludge was operated under saline condition (35 g/L) and AMP stress of different gradients. Within 200 cycles, nitrogen removal performance was monitored and sludge samples were withdrawn for high-throughput sequencing analyses and qPCR. The results confirmed that the nitrogen removal capacity of MAB declined with increasing AMP dosage, and almost collapsed at 300 mg/L AMP. The total nitrogen removal rate and specific anammox activity finally dropped to 0.17 kg N m−3 d−1 and 101.86 mg N g−1VSS d−1, respectively. Pseudoalteromonas (38.13%) dominated the reactor on Cycle 190, which formed a new symbiosis with MAB. And the emergence of oleophilic bacteria such as Colwellia (2.53%) was also observed. Moreover, antibiotic resistance genes were detected with increased abundance and diversity, indicating the AMP dosing significantly promoted microbial community evolution and genetic response.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421025656