摘要
      抗微生物耐药性（AMR）是当今最重要的问题之一。众所周知，滥用抗生素及其释放到水体中会折磨生态系统中的细菌种群，并导致抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的发展。废水是多种污染物的混合物，包括抗生素。这些污染物与抗生素一起，对AMR的发展施加了选择压力。通过入口接收此类污染物的污水处理厂只能纠正污水中AMR去除的一小部分。污水处理厂处理后的污水直接影响到任何地区的人口。因此，重点关注处理后污水中存在的AMR相关问题及其可能的缓解策略至关重要。这篇综述的重点是研究和应用于AMR去除的方法及其相关的缺点。这篇综述还谈到了基于纳米材料的各种实验室规模研究，以及由于其表面积，它们表现出显著吸附能力的潜力；然而，尽管他们表现出色，但他们是一个没有吸引力的选择。最后，综述观察到，由于ARGs是核酸，因此可以利用和研究核酸（NA）吸附常见的各种医学研究来去除ARGs。已经特别强调了这样一个事实，即吸附是一个高度依赖于pH的过程，并且在废水处理行业中操纵操作pH是不可取的。因此，选择在二级出水的工作pH下对ARGs具有明显吸附能力的吸附材料是一个需要考虑的关键因素。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of today's most important concerns. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and their release into the water bodies have been known to afflict the bacterial population of the ecosystem and cause the development of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Wastewater is a cocktail of different pollutants, including antibiotics. These pollutants, along with antibiotics, impose selection pressure on AMR development. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receiving such pollutants through the inlet could redress only a fraction of AMR removal from the effluent. The treated effluent from a WWTP directly afflicts the population of any region. Therefore it is essential to focus on the problems associated with the AMR present in the treated effluent and their possible mitigation strategies. This review focuses on the approaches studied and applied in AMR removal and their associated shortcomings. This review also talks about various bench-scale studies based on nanomaterials and their potential to exhibit remarkable adsorption capacity owing to their surface area; however, despite their performance, they are an unattractive option. Lastly, the review observes that since ARGs are nucleic acids, various medical research wherein nucleic acid (NA) adsorption is common could be utilized and studied for ARGs removal. Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that adsorption is a highly pH-dependent process and that manipulating the operating pH in a wastewater treatment industry is undesirable. Therefore, selecting adsorbent materials that could exhibit appreciable adsorption capacity for ARGs in the working pH of secondary effluent is a crucial factor to consider.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416622001450