摘要
      沙门氏菌是一组细菌，是导致腹泻疾病的主要原因，在世界范围内造成了巨大的疾病负担。人畜共患沙门氏菌传播给人类的途径有很多；然而，在中国，伴侣动物在传播这些细菌方面的作用在很大程度上被低估了。我们旨在调查中国杭州宠物狗和猫中沙门氏菌的流行情况，并表征这些宠物衍生病原体的抗微生物耐药性和遗传特征。2018年，杭州一家动物医院共采集了137份宠物粪便样本。沙门氏菌在宠物中的患病率为5.8%（8/137），其中9.3%（5/54）的猫和3.6%（3/83）的狗为沙门氏菌阳性。通过全基因组测序（WGS）、计算机血清分型和多点序列分型（MLST），26个宠物来源的沙门氏菌分离株被鉴定为都柏林沙门氏菌（ST10，n=22）和鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌（ST19，n=4）。通过在需氧和厌氧条件下进行抗菌药敏试验，所有分离株均被鉴定为耐多药（MDR）。耐药最普遍的抗生素是链霉素（100%）、复方新冠恶唑（100%），四环素（96.20%）和头孢曲松（92.30%）。鉴定出多种抗微生物耐药基因，包括floR（氯霉素耐药基因）、blaCTX-M-15和blaCTX-M-55（超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因）。共鉴定出11个不相容（Inc）质粒，其中IncA/C2、IncFII（S）和IncX1在都柏林沙门菌中占优势，IncFIB（S）、IncFII（S。我们的研究应用WGS对中国宠物来源的沙门氏菌进行了表征，表明宠物狗和猫中存在MDR沙门氏菌，ARGs和质粒具有高度多样性。这些数据表明，有必要定期监测宠物来源的病原体，以缓解人畜共患疾病。
Abstract
Salmonella is a group of bacteria that constitutes the leading cause of diarrheal diseases, posing a great disease burden worldwide. There are numerous pathways for zoonotic Salmonella transmission to humans; however, the role of companion animals in spreading these bacteria is largely underestimated in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in pet dogs and cats in Hangzhou, China, and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic features of these pet-derived pathogens. In total, 137 fecal samples of pets were collected from an animal hospital in Hangzhou in 2018. The prevalence of Salmonella was 5.8% (8/137) in pets, with 9.3% (5/54) of cats and 3.6% (3/83) of dogs being Salmonella positive. By whole-genome sequencing (WGS), in silico serotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), 26 pet-derived Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella Dublin (ST10, n = 22) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST19, n = 4). All of the isolates were identified as being multidrug-resistant (MDR), by conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The antibiotics of the most prevalent resistance were streptomycin (100%), cotrimoxazole (100%), tetracycline (96.20%), and ceftriaxone (92.30%). Versatile antimicrobial-resistant genes were identified, including floR (phenicol-resistant gene), blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-55 (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes). A total of 11 incompatible (Inc) plasmids were identified, with IncA/C2, IncFII(S), and IncX1 being the most predominant among Salmonella Dublin, and IncFIB(S), IncFII(S), IncI1, and IncQ1 being the most prevailing among Salmonella Typhimurium. Our study applied WGS to characterize pet-derived Salmonella in China, showing the presence of MDR Salmonella in pet dogs and cats with a high diversity of ARGs and plasmids. These data indicate a necessity for the regular surveillance of pet-derived pathogens to mitigate zoonotic diseases.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/5/625