摘要
      在膜生物反应器（MBR）应用过程中，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和分类单元特异性标记的去除、细菌群落结构的变化以及总细菌（包括其抗生素抗性对应物（ARB））在实际废水中的永久失活，随后在台架和中试规模下进行太阳光Fenton氧化，进行了调查。MBR流出物中存在肠球菌和假单胞菌特异性分类标记以及sul1和ampC ARGs，这表明这些过程对去除生物分子具有挑战性。另一方面，MBR处理后，所有类型的可培养细菌都减少了>99%，大肠杆菌减少了5-log，铜绿假单胞菌和克雷伯菌减少了6-log。
在实验室和中试规模的太阳光Fenton氧化后，MBR出水中的细菌群落结构发生了变化。值得注意的是，在高环境温度下操作的中试规模过程中，耐高温细菌属（如Ignavibacterium和Thermomonas）普遍存在，而最普遍的属是分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）、类诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）和中根瘤菌属（Mesorhizobium），它们主要与致病性和植物无关。一致的是，根据DGGE分析后的G-C含量，在MBR和太阳光Fenton氧化处理的废水之间发现了不同的细菌群落结构，但有趣的是，在台架和中试规模氧化处理的污水之间也发现了不同。在实验室规模的太阳光Fenton氧化应用后，ARGs完全不存在，但在中试规模的处理后没有（分别为sul和ermB的1.56和1.53 log10 CE 100 ng−1 DNA）。在两种氧化装置中都发现了紫杉醇特异性标记。可培养的大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和克雷伯菌的灭活。（包括ARB）在两种氧化设置中都实现了灭活，没有观察到进一步的再激活。
Abstract
The removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and taxon-specific markers, the bacterial community structure changes and the permanent inactivation of total bacteria including their antibiotic-resistant counterparts (ARB) in actual wastewater during a Membrane BioReactor (MBR) application followed by solar photo-Fenton oxidation at bench- and then pilot-scale under solar irradiation, were investigated. The presence of enterococci- and pseudomonad-specific taxon markers and of sul1 and ampC ARGs in the MBR effluent was confirmed, indicating the challenge of such processes, for the removal of biological molecules. On the other hand, >99 % reduction of all types of cultivable bacteria examined was observed after MBR treatment, with a 5-log reduction of E. coli and 6-log reduction of P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp.

There was a shift in the bacterial community structure in the MBR effluent after the bench- and pilot-scale solar photo-Fenton oxidation. Notably, thermotolerant bacterial genera like Ignavibacterium and Thermomonas were prevalent during the pilot-scale process operated at a high ambient temperature, while the most prevalent genera were Mycobacterium, Nocardioides and Mesorhizobium, which are primarily not pathogenic and plant-related. In agreement, a different bacterial community structure according to the G-C content after DGGE analysis was noted between the MBR and solar photo-Fenton oxidation-treated effluents, but interestingly also between the bench- and pilot-scale oxidation-treated effluents. There was complete absence of ARGs after the bench-scale solar photo-Fenton oxidation application but not after the pilot-scale treatment (1.56 and 1.53 log10 CE 100 ng−1 DNA, of sul and ermB, respectively). Taxon-specific markers were found in both oxidation setups. Inactivation of cultivable Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. (including ARB) was achieved during both oxidation setups, with no further re-activation observed.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722046927