摘要

      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的出现对生态系统和人类健康构成了巨大风险；然而，关于大陆河流中ARGs的特征和来源识别，很少有系统的研究。本研究通过细菌检测和宏基因组测序，检测了伊犁河水和土壤中细菌群落和ARGs的发生情况。从上游到下游，总溶解固体（TDSs）和总细菌计数显著增加。Enterococcus在Cockdara中的丰度最高。宏基因组测序显示，地表水的细菌群落与近岸土壤的细菌群落不同。在前10个ARGs中，氟喹诺酮和氨基糖苷类耐药基因表现出优势相对丰度，但只有多药耐药基因adeF在所有水和土壤样本中常见。变形杆菌携带了近61%的ARG，这表明这些细菌可能是伊犁河中主要的抗生素耐药性细菌。变形杆菌和ARB主要分布在伊宁市和科克达拉。此外，五个采样点之间的分布模式表明，人类活动和畜牧业对ARB和ARG污染有很大贡献。本研究首次调查了伊犁河中ARGs的发生和分布模式，表明细菌与ARGs、ARGs与可移动遗传元件（MGE）之间存在明显的相关性。The emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a great risk to the ecosystem and human health; however, there are rare systematic studies about the characterization and source identification of ARGs in continental rivers. This study examined the occurrence of bacterial communities and ARGs in the water and soil of the Ili River using bacterial testing and metagenomic sequencing. Total dissolved solids (TDSs) and total bacterial count significantly increased from upstream to downstream sites. Enterococcus showed the highest abundance in Cockdara. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the bacterial communities of surface water were different from those of nearshore soils. Among the top 10 ARGs, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes exhibited dominant relative abundance, but only the multidrug resistance gene adeF was common in all water and soil samples. Proteobacteria carried almost 61% of ARGs, suggesting that these could be the main antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the Ili River. Proteobacteria and ARB were mainly distributed in Yining city and Cockdara. Furthermore, the distribution pattern among the five sampling sites indicated that human activity and animal husbandry greatly contributed to the ARB and ARG contamination. This study first investigated the occurrence and distribution pattern of ARGs in the Ili River, demonstrating a clear correlation between bacteria and ARGs, and ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.840428/full?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter