摘要
      抗生素已被大量用于人类和动物的医疗，抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在世界范围内备受关注。抗生素和ARGs通过排放医疗废水暴露在自然环境中，对环境和人类健康造成巨大危害。生物炭作为一种绿色高效的污染物吸附剂已被广泛应用。然而，原始和未经修饰的生物炭被认为不足以有效应对当前严重的水污染。因此，研究人员选择通过不同的改性方法来提高生物炭的吸附能力。为了更好地了解改性生物炭的应用，本文综述了生物炭的改性方法及其性能，特别是分子印迹和生物炭老化作为新的改性方式，概述了生物炭和改性生物碳吸附抗生素和ARGs的影响因素以及吸附机理，其中发现ARGs在生物炭上的吸附机制与抗生素的吸附机制不同。然后，提出了生物炭和改性生物炭值得研究的方向以及需要注意的问题。可以注意到，在当前的双碳政策下，生物炭未来可能有更广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
Antibiotics have been used in massive quantities for human and animal medical treatment, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are of great concern worldwide. Antibiotics and ARGs are exposed to the natural environment through the discharge of medical wastewater, causing great harm to the environment and human health. Biochar has been widely used as a green and efficient adsorbent to remove pollutants. However, pristine and unmodified biochars are not considered sufficient and efficient to cope with the current serious water pollution. Therefore, researchers have chosen to improve the adsorption capacity of biochar through different modification methods. To have a better understanding of the application of modified biochar, this review summarizes the biochar modification methods and their performance, particularly, molecular imprinting and biochar aging are outlined as new modification methods, influencing factors of biochar and modified biochar in adsorption of antibiotics and ARGs and adsorption mechanisms, wherein adsorption mechanism of ARGs on biochar is found to be different than that of antibiotics. After that, the directions of biochar and modified biochar worthy of research and the issues that need attention are proposed. It can be noted that under the current dual carbon policy, biochar may have wider application prospects in future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722069157