摘要
      近年来，抗生素耐药性已成为一个新出现的全球健康问题。特别地，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）经常在各种环境介质中以高丰度被检测到。因此，迫切需要全面了解外源化合物对其环境命运的影响。在此，我们系统地阐述了纳米材料对ARGs去除和水平基因转移（HGT）过程的影响。我们首先介绍了ARGs的发生、行为和潜在危害，然后总结了纳米材料介导的抗生素耐药性去除，包括抗生素减少、微生物灭活和ARGs消除，然后阐述了纳米材料对ARGs HGT过程的影响及其相关机制，最后指出了纳米材料消除ARGs和水平转移之间的权衡。本综述可以加强我们对纳米材料介导的抗生素耐药性传播的理解，从而无疑提醒我们重新思考除抗生素污染物外ARGs传播的原因，并重新评估纳米材料对复杂生态环境中ARGs流行的潜在危害。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become an emerging global health concern in recent years. Particularly, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are frequently detected in high abundance in various environmental media. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of exogenous compounds on their environmental fates is therefore urgent. Herein, we systemically elaborate on the influence of nanomaterials on the removal and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) processes of ARGs. We first introduce the occurrence, behavior, and potential hazards of ARGs, then summarize nanomaterials-mediated antibiotic resistance removal, covering antibiotic reduction, microbial inactivation and ARGs elimination, next elaborate the influence of nanomaterials on the HGT processes of ARGs along with the involved mechanisms, and last point out the tradeoff between ARGs elimination and horizontal transfer by nanomaterials. The present review could strengthen our understanding of the nanomaterials-mediated dissemination of antibiotic resistance, thus undoubtedly alerting us to rethink the reasons for the spread of ARGs apart from antibiotic contaminants and to reevaluate the potential detriment of nanomaterials on the prevalence of ARGs in complex ecological environments.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894722064075