摘要
      污泥是抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）最重要的库之一，这将导致污泥利用的潜在环境风险。目前，厌氧消化（AD）可以有效地同时实现资源回收和污染物去除，包括抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），并使用各种预处理来提高性能。最近，大量的出版物关注预处理对ARGs去除的影响，但往往会得到相互矛盾的结果，全面了解研究进展和机制至关重要。本研究总结了提高AD效率和减少ARGs的各种预处理技术，研究了与AD联合预处理在去除ARGs方面的良好性能，并分析了导致ARGs命运的潜在机制。结果表明，尽管在预处理过程中，热水解预处理在减少ARGs方面表现出最好的性能，但在随后的AD过程中，ARGs会发生显著的反弹。相反，臭氧预处理和碱预处理在预处理阶段对ARGs丰度没有显著影响，但在随后的AD中可以提高15.6–24.3%的ARGs去除率。考虑到效率和经济效益，游离亚硝酸预处理将是一个有前途和可行的选择，它可以提高甲烷产量和高达27%和74.5%的ARGs，分别地目前，决定ARGs在预处理和AD过程中命运的因素包括微生物群落的变化、可移动遗传元素（MGE）和环境因素。全面了解ARGs的命运与预处理技术之间的关系，有助于系统评估各种预处理，并促进新兴有效预处理技术的发展。此外，考虑到有效性、经济效率和环境安全性，我们呼吁将宏基因组和机器学习等现代分析方法应用于预处理条件的优化和揭示潜在机制。
Abstract
Sludge is among the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which would cause potential environmental risks with the sludge utilization. Currently, anaerobic digestion (AD) is effective to simultaneously realize the resource recovery and pollutants removal, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and various pretreatments are used to enhance the performance. Recently, plentiful publications have focused on the effects of pretreatment on ARGs removal, but the contradictory results are often obtained, and a comprehensive understanding of the research progress and mechanisms is essential. This study summarizes various pretreatment techniques for improving AD efficiency and ARGs reduction, investigates promising performance in ARGs removal when pretreatments combined with AD, and analyzes the potential mechanisms accounting for ARGs fates. The results showed that although thermal hydrolysis pretreatment showed the best performance in ARGs reduction during the pretreatment process, the significant rebound of ARGs would occur in the subsequent AD process. Conversely, ozone pretreatment and alkali pretreatment had no significant effect on ARGs abundance in the pretreatment stage, but could enhance ARGs removal by 15.6–24.3 % in the subsequent AD. Considering the efficiency and economic effectiveness, free nitrous acid pretreatment would be a promising and feasible option, which could enhance methane yield and ARGs removal by up to 27 % and 74.5 %, respectively. Currently, the factors determining ARGs fates during pretreatment and AD processes included the shift of microbial community, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and environmental factors. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the fate of ARGs and pretreatment technologies could be helpful for systematically evaluating various pretreatments and facilitating the development of emerging and effective pretreatment techniques. Moreover, given the effectiveness, economic efficiency and environmental safety, we called for the applications of modern analysis approaches such as metagenomic and machine learning on the optimization of pretreatment conditions and revealing underlying mechanisms.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896972300414X