摘要
      在世界范围内，拟除虫菊酯，如氯氰菊酯，是第二大应用杀虫剂，然而，它们对土壤微生物组和非目标土壤动物群的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。在此，我们使用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和ARGs的高通量qPCR相结合的方法，评估了土壤和模式土壤物种隐尾虫肠道中细菌群落和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的变化。结果表明，氯氰菊酯暴露丰富了隐球菌土壤和肠道微生物组中的潜在病原体（如炭疽杆菌），严重破坏了隐球菌的微生物组结构，甚至破坏了隐杆菌免疫系统的活动。潜在病原体（如鲍曼不动杆菌）、ARGs和可移动遗传元件（MGE）的共同出现揭示了潜在病原体致病性和抗生素耐药性的风险增加。此外，结构方程模型表明，ARGs的传播不仅受到MGE的促进，而且受到核心与非核心细菌丰度之比的促进。总的来说，这些结果为之前未被重视的氯氰菊酯在土壤和非目标土壤动物群中传播ARGs的环境风险提供了一个深入的视角。
Abstract
Worldwide, pyrethroids, such as cypermethrin, are the second most applied group of insecticides, however, their effects on the soil microbiome and non-target soil fauna remain largely unknown. Herein, we assessed the change of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of soil and in the gut of the model soil species Enchytraeus crypticus using a combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and high-throughput qPCR of ARGs. Results indicate that cypermethrin exposure enriches potential pathogens (e.g. Bacillus anthracis) in the soil and gut microbiome of E. crypticus, heavily disrupting the latter’s microbiome structure, and even disrupts activities of the E. crypticus immune system. The co-occurrence of potential pathogens (e.g. Acinetobacter baumannii), ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) revealed the increased risk of pathogenicity as well as antibiotic resistance in potential pathogens. Moreover, structural equation modeling demonstrated that the dissemination of ARGs was not only promoted by MGEs, but also by the ratio of the core to non-core bacterial abundance. Collectively, these results provide an in-depth view of the previously unappreciated environmental risk of cypermethrin on the dissemination of ARGs in the soil and non-target soil fauna.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389423003084