摘要
      为了解决全球对抗生素耐药性的担忧，一个单一的健康概念被认为是必要的，它承认人类、动物和环境之间的相互依赖性，并承认这些因素中的每一个都有助于抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的进化和快速繁殖。我们实施了GeoChip 5.0策略，以检查三个不同气候区域的城市公园和参考森林土壤中ARGs的广谱分布：北方（芬兰拉提）、温带（美国巴尔的摩）和热带（新加坡）。编码多药耐药性（MRGs）的ARGs是最丰富的，占检测到的所有ARGs的90%。MRG包括MFS、MATE、Mex、SMR和ABC，它们参与多种抗生素的运输/流出。多元分析表明，ARG剖面在城市公园和气候区域往往是分开划分的。此外，我们选择研究植物功能类型（顽固和不稳定的枯枝落叶、草坪）对ARGs的影响。除热带地区外，植被类型对ARGs没有显著影响，与北方和温带地区相比，热带地区的影响明显。更有趣的是，与北方和温带地区相比，大多数ARG在热带地区的相对丰度更高。热带地区的区域特征可能会影响ARG和ARG宿主分布，从而增加土壤微生物的丰度。此外，与三个气候区的年轻公园相比，旧公园中的MFS、Mex、B_内酰胺酶_A、vgb、ABC、Van、fosb、ABC_ multi、Tet和Mate_antibiotic含量要高得多。然而，城市公园中ARG的丰度明显高于森林。我们的研究提供了ARGs在不同气候区域的证据，并为我们理解人类主导环境中的ARGs及其在原始生态系统中的普遍性提供了有价值的新见解。
Abstract
To address the global concern of antibiotic resistance, a one-health concept is considered necessary that recognizes the interdependency between humans, animals and the environment, and acknowledges that each of these factors contributes to the evolution and rapid bloom of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We implemented a GeoChip 5.0 strategy to examine the wide-spectrum profile of ARGs in the soil of urban parks and reference forests across three distinct climatic regions: Boreal (Lathi, Finland), Temperate (Baltimore, USA), and Tropical (Singapore). ARGs encoding multidrug resistance (MRGs) were among the most abundant, accounting for 90% of all ARGs detected. MRGs include MFS, MATE, Mex, SMR and ABC, which are involved in the transportation/efflux of multiple antibiotics. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ARG profile tends to be partitioned separately in urban parks and climatic regions. In addition, we opted to examine the impact of plant functional type (recalcitrant and labile tree litter, lawn) on ARGs. There was no significant influence of vegetation type on ARGs except in the tropical region, where its impact was evident as compared with boreal and temperate regions. More interestingly, the majority of ARGs were detected to have a higher relative abundance in the tropical region as compared to the boreal and temperate regions. Regional characteristics of the tropical area likely affects ARGs and the ARG-host profile, thereby boosting soil microbial abundances. Additionally, MFS, Mex, B_lactamase_A, vgb, ABC, Van, fosb, ABC_ multi, Tet and Mate_antibiotic were considerably more abundant in old parks as compared with young parks across the three climatic regions. Nevertheless, urban parks harboured a significantly higher abundance of ARGs than forests. Our study presents evidence of ARGs in varied climatic regions and provides valuable new insights in our understanding of ARGs in human-dominated environments as well as their prevalence in pristine ecosystems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652623014336