摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）对食品安全和公众健康构成的严重风险已引起越来越多的全球关注。研究已经调查了ARGs在环境中的浓度和分布。然而，在基于生物位置的零水交换海水养殖系统（BBZWEMS）中，ARGs的分布和传播、细菌群落以及整个养殖期的关键影响因素仍不清楚。目前的研究调查了ARGs的浓度、时间变化、分布和传播，细菌群落的变化，以及BBZWEMS饲养期间的关键影响因素。Sul1和sul2是显性ARG。ARGs的总浓度在池塘水中呈下降趋势，而在源水、生物群落和虾肠中呈上升趋势。在每个相应的饲养阶段，水源中目标ARGs的总浓度比池塘水和生物位置样本中的总浓度高2.25–122.97倍（p<0.05）。生物位置和池塘水中的细菌群落变化不大，而在饲养期间，虾肠道样本中的细菌群落发生了显著变化。Pearson相关性、冗余度分析和多变量线性回归分析表明，悬浮物和浮游菌与ARGs浓度呈正相关（p<0.05）。目前的研究表明，水源可能是ARGs的关键来源，并且悬浮物质是影响ARGs在BBZWEMS中分布和传播的关键因素。应实施对水源中ARGs的早期干预措施，以帮助预防和控制水产养殖业中的抗性基因，并降低ARGs对公众健康和食品安全的潜在风险。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have obtained an increasing number of global concerns for the severe risks they pose to food safety and public health. Studies have investigated the concentrations and distribution of ARGs in the environment. However, the distribution and dissemination of ARGs, the bacterial communities, and the key influencing factors during the entire rearing period in the biofloc-based zero-water-exchange mariculture system (BBZWEMS) remain unclear. The current study investigated the concentrations, temporal variations, distribution, and dissemination of ARGs, the changes in the bacterial communities, as well as the key influencing factors during the rearing period in the BBZWEMS. Sul1 and sul2 were dominant ARGs. Total concentrations of ARGs followed a trend of decrease in pond water, while they followed a trend of increase in source water, biofloc, and shrimp gut. Total concentrations of targeted ARGs in the water source were higher than those in the pond water and biofloc samples for each corresponding rearing stage by 2.25–122.97-fold (p < 0.05). The bacterial communities in biofloc and pond water did not change much, while they changed considerably in the shrimp gut samples during the rearing period. Pearson correlation, redundancy analysis, and multivariable linear regression analysis showed that suspended substances and Planctomycetes were positively correlated with the concentrations of ARGs (p < 0.05). The current study indicates that the water source may be a critical source of ARGs, and that suspended substances is a key factor influencing the distribution and dissemination of ARGs in the BBZWEMS. Early intervention measures on ARGs in water sources should be implemented to aid in the prevention and control of resistance genes in aquaculture industry, and reduce the potential risks of ARGs to public health and food safety.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323004086