摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）已被确定为对公众健康的严重威胁。尽管ARGs在各种系统中广泛存在，但在处理灰水的三维多功能生物膜（3D-MFB）中的动力学在很大程度上是不确定的。本工作跟踪了灰水处理过程中3D-MFB中八个靶基因（intI1、korB、sul1、sul2、tetM、ermB、blaCTX-M和qnrS）的分布和动力学。结果表明，水力停留时间为9.0h时，线性烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）和总氮的去除率最高，分别为99.4%和79.6%。ARGs表现出显著的液固分布特征，但与生物膜位置无关。底部生物膜中的细胞内ARGs（以intI1、korB、sul1和sul2为主）比无细胞液体中的ARGs高210至4.2×104倍。细胞外聚合物（EPS）连接的LAS与大多数ARGs呈线性关系（R2>0.90，P<0.05）。鞘氨醇菌门、衣原体门、小蓟马科、SB-1、Cryomorpaceae、Chitinophageae、Leadbetterella和Niabella与靶ARGs紧密结合。关键是EPS附着的LAS在很大程度上决定了ARGs的发生，微生物类群在3D-MFB中ARGs传播中发挥着重要作用。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as serious threats to public health. Despite the widespread in various systems, dynamics of ARGs in three-dimensional multifunctional biofilm (3D-MFB) treating greywater are largely undefined. This work tracked the distributions and dynamics of eight target genes (intI1, korB, sul1, sul2, tetM, ermB, blaCTX-M and qnrS) in a 3D-MFB during greywater treatment. Results showed that hydraulic retention times at 9.0 h achieved the highest linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and total nitrogen removal rates at 99.4% and 79.6%, respectively. ARGs presented significant liquid-solid distribution feature, but non-significant with biofilm position. Intracellular ARGs (predominant by intI1, korB, sul1 and sul2) at bottom biofilm were 210- to 4.2 × 104- fold higher than that in cell-free liquid. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-attached LAS showed linear relationship with most of ARGs (R2 > 0.90, P < 0.05). Sphingobacteriales, Chlamydiales, Microthrixaceae, SB-1, Cryomorphaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Leadbetterella and Niabella were tightly bound up with target ARGs. Key is that EPS-attached LAS considerably determines the occurrence of ARGs, and microbial taxa play an important role in the dissemination of ARGs in the 3D-MFB.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749123005353