摘要
      动物粪便是双孢蘑菇生产的重要原料；然而，它也是抗生素残留、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和抗生素抗性细菌的库。关于双孢霉的商业化种植对ARGs动力学的影响以及导致其变异的潜在机制，人们知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了不同生产阶段基质和蘑菇样品中285种ARGs、10种可移动遗传元素和7种主要抗生素残留的命运。结果表明，商业基质制备，特别是巴氏灭菌阶段，在从基质中去除ARG方面是高效的。我们进一步发现，双孢霉的菌丝体增殖对从基质和套管土壤中去除ARGs有显著贡献。在双孢A.bisporus的商业培养过程中，细菌群落是ARGs变化的关键驱动因素，这解释了46.67%的ARGs变异。我们的研究结果表明，尽管添加了动物粪便，但ARG传播到子实体和环境中的风险很低。我们认为，特定食用菌的生物修复可能是一种清除土壤环境中抗微生物耐药性污染的新方法。
Abstract
Animal manure is an important raw material for Agaricus bisporus production; however, it is also a reservoir for antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Little is known about the influence of the commercial cultivation of A. bisporus on the dynamics of ARGs and the underlying mechanisms that cause their variations. In this study, we investigated the fate of 285 ARGs, 10 mobile genetic elements, and seven major categories of antibiotic residues in substrate and mushroom samples at different production phases. The results showed that commercial substrate preparation, particularly the pasteurization phase, was highly efficient in removing ARGs from the substrate. We further found that mycelium proliferation of A. bisporus contributed significantly to the removal of ARGs from the substrate and casing soil. The bacterial community is the key driver of changes in ARGs during the commercial cultivation of A. bisporus, which explained 46.67% of the variation in ARGs. Our results indicate that, despite the addition of animal manure, the risk of ARG dissemination to fruiting bodies and the environment is low. We propose that bioremediation by specific edible fungi might be a novel and promising method for scavenging antimicrobial resistance contamination from soil environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322012003