摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在水源中的分布可能威胁饮用水安全。然而，地下水中抗生素耐药性的来源仍在调查中。在这里，我们评估了城市周边地下水及其相关水源（河流和山泉）的抗生素耐药性，以表征天然水源对地下水耐药性的耐药性。在地下水、山泉和河流样本中共检测到261个抗生素耐药性。河流样本中ARGs和移动遗传元素（MGE）的相对丰度显著高于泉水和地下水样本。地下水和泉水的阻力剖面相似，但与河流样本不同。根据来源追踪结果，地下水耐药性可能来自泉水（28.0%−50.0%）和河流（28.6%−48.6%），这两种细菌群落的来源追踪趋势相同。细菌α-多样性、细菌β-多样性和MGE直接或间接影响地下水样品中的ARGs。尽管河流和泉水并没有提高地下水抗性的丰度，但地下水抗性是多样的，可能来源于河流和泉水。我们强调了地下水耐药性的重要性及其与潜在水源的联系，为未来有效控制外源水体中ARG在地下水中的扩散和传播提供了更好的理解和基础。
Abstract
The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water sources potentially threatens drinking water safety. However, the sources of antibiotic resistome in groundwater are still under-investigated. Here, we evaluated the profiles of antibiotic resistome in peri-urban groundwater and its associated water sources (river and mountain spring) to characterize the antibiotic resistome from natural water sources on groundwater resistome. A total of 261 antibiotic resistome were detected in groundwater, mountain spring, and river samples. The relative abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were significantly higher in the river samples than in spring water and groundwater samples. The resistome profiles were similar between groundwater and spring water but differed from the river samples. According to source tracking results, the groundwater resistome was likely to be derived from springs (28.0%−50.0%) and rivers (28.6%−48.6%), which share the same trend for the source tracking of bacterial communities. Bacterial α-diversity, bacterial β-diversity, and MGEs directly or indirectly affected the ARGs in groundwater samples. Although the abundance of groundwater resistome was not elevated by river and spring water, groundwater resistomes were diverse and may be derived from both river and spring water. We highlight the importance of groundwater resistome and its association with potential water sources, providing a better understanding and basis for the effective control of the ARG proliferation and dissemination in groundwater from exogenous water bodies in the future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323001070