摘要
      鼻咽是抗生素耐药性生物出现和传播的重要微生物库。鼻咽耐药组是该生态位内抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的一个广泛、适应性强的库。宏基因组测序使用下一代技术解码样本中所有生物体的遗传物质，从而公正地发现新的ARG和相关的移动遗传元件（MGE）。对低生物量细菌样本进行测序的挑战限制了对鼻咽耐药组的探索。在这里，我们探索了目前对鼻咽耐药组的理解，特别是MGE在传播抗微生物耐药性（AMR）中的作用，探索了宏基因组测序技术和用于鼻咽耐药组分析的生物信息学管道的优势和局限性，并强调了未来研究的关键未决问题。
Abstract
The nasopharynx is an important microbial reservoir for the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The nasopharyngeal resistome is an extensive, adaptable reservoir of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) within this niche. Metagenomic sequencing decodes the genetic material of all organisms within a sample using next-generation technologies, permitting unbiased discovery of novel ARGs and associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The challenges of sequencing a low-biomass bacterial sample have limited exploration of the nasopharyngeal resistome. Here, we explore the current understanding of the nasopharyngeal resistome, particularly the role of MGEs in propagating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), explore the advantages and limitations of metagenomic sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines for nasopharyngeal resistome analysis, and highlight the key outstanding questions for future research.

https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(23)00056-2