摘要
      抗生素耐药性现象及其日益增长的全球趋势和破坏性浪潮关系到患者和医疗系统。为了对抗AR，当目前的抗生素无效时，有必要探索新的策略。因此，了解细菌感染的耐药性机制和适当的诊断可能有助于提高新策略的敏感性和特异性。另一方面，对抗菌化合物的耐药性可以从耐药人群传播到易感人群。抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）通过水平和垂直基因转移显著传播AR。聚集的规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas系统是细菌免疫系统的一员，具有去除ARGs的能力；因此，它可以作为对抗AR的一种有效和创新的策略引入。在这里，我们回顾了基于CRISPR的细菌诊断技术。此外，还解释了利用CRISPR-Cas系统靶向细菌染色体和抗性质粒对抗AR的策略。此外，我们还介绍了CRISPR递送的局限性和潜在的解决方案，以帮助改善基于CRISPR的平台的未来发展。
Abstract
The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance (AR) and its increasing global trends and destructive waves concerns patients and the healthcare system. In order to combat AR, it is necessary to explore new strategies when the current antibiotics fail to be effective. Thus, knowing the resistance mechanisms and appropriate diagnosis of bacterial infections may help enhance the sensitivity and specificity of novel strategies. On the other hand, resistance to antimicrobial compounds can spread from resistant populations to susceptible ones. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) significantly disseminate AR via horizontal and vertical gene transfer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is a member of the bacterial immune system with the ability to remove the ARGs; therefore, it can be introduced as an effective and innovative strategy in the battle against AR. Here, we reviewed CRISPR-based bacterial diagnosis technologies. Moreover, the strategies to battle AR based on targeting bacterial chromosomes and resistance plasmids using the CRISPR-Cas system have been explained. Besides, we have presented the limitations of CRISPR delivery and potential solutions to help improve the future development of CRISPR-based platforms.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1368764623000316