摘要
      牲畜滥用抗生素是对人类健康的主要威胁，因为细菌正在迅速对抗生素产生耐药性。我们对猪、家禽、牛和人类的25个粪便宏基因组进行了比较分析，以研究它们的耐药性。我们的分析表明，除四环素类抗生素外，所有对抗生素类产生耐药性的基因在家禽粪便中都比其他物种更普遍。我们检测到了与临床相关的抗生素耐药性基因，如对多粘菌素产生耐药性的mcr-1。其中，超广谱β-内酰胺酶blaCTX-M基因在所有物种中都特别丰富。家禽粪便被确定为多药耐药性的热点，这可能会影响医疗选择。畜牧业必须采取紧急行动，以阻止抗生素耐药性的出现和传播。
Abstract
Antibiotic misuse in livestock is a major threat to human health, as bacteria are quickly developing resistance to them. We performed a comparative analysis of 25 faecal metagenomes from swine, poultry, cattle, and humans to investigate their resistance profiles. Our analysis revealed that all genes conferring resistance to antibiotic classes assessed except tetracyclines were more prevalent in poultry manure than in the remaining species. We detected clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, such as mcr-1 which confers resistance to polymyxins. Among them, extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M genes were particularly abundant in all species. Poultry manure was identified as a hotspot for multidrug resistance, which may compromise medical treatment options. Urgent actions in the livestock industry are imperative to hamper the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749123002415