摘要
      纳米技术的快速发展引起了人们对理解工程纳米材料（ENM）对抗生素耐药性传播的影响的极大关注。二硫化钼（MoS2）是一种广泛使用的ENM，具有与环境暴露相关的潜在风险；然而，MoS2在抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）转移中的作用在很大程度上仍然未知。本文发现，MoS2纳米片以剂量依赖的方式（0.5–10 mg/L）加速了RP4质粒在大肠杆菌中的水平转移，最大转移频率是对照的2.07倍。生理学、转录组学和代谢组学分析的整合表明，由于氧化损伤的增加，伴随着细胞膜的渗透，细菌中的SOS反应被MoS2激活。MoS2通过刺激细胞外多糖的分泌，促进细菌粘附和细胞间接触。暴露于MoS2后，ATP水平最大增加了305.7%，质粒转移基因的表达上调，有助于加速质粒结合并增加土壤中ARG的丰度。我们的研究结果强调了新兴ENM（如MoS2）在ARGs传播中的作用，这对纳米技术发展场景下ENM的安全应用和风险管理具有重要意义。
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology has aroused considerable attentions toward understanding the effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on the propagation of antibiotic resistance. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an extensively used ENM and poses potential risks associated with environmental exposure; nevertheless, the role of MoS2 toward antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transfer remains largely unknown. Herein, it was discovered that MoS2 nanosheets accelerated the horizontal transfer of RP4 plasmid across Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner (0.5–10 mg/L), with the maximum transfer frequency 2.07-fold higher than that of the control. Integration of physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses demonstrated that SOS response in bacteria was activated by MoS2 due to the elevation of oxidative damage, accompanied by cell membrane permeabilization. MoS2 promoted bacterial adhesion and intercellular contact via stimulating the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. The ATP levels were maximally increased by 305.7 % upon exposure to MoS2, and the expression of plasmid transfer genes was up-regulated, contributing to the accelerated plasmid conjugation and increased ARG abundance in soil. Our findings highlight the roles of emerging ENMs (e.g., MoS2) in ARGs dissemination, which is significant for the safe applications and risk management of ENMs under the development scenarios of nanotechnology.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323004177