摘要
      在上海，尚未对食品生产动物肠杆菌中携带tet（X4）和tet（X4）质粒的流行情况进行深入调查。本文利用对家禽、猪和牛的长期监测、抗菌药物敏感性测试和tet（X4）特异性PCR，对2018-2021年上海652株食品生产动物大肠杆菌分离株中的5株tet（X4）阳性猪源大肠杆菌菌株进行了表征。短读和长读测序技术的结合表明，具有4个ST的5个菌株携带几乎相同的193kb tet（X4）携带质粒（p193k-tetX4），属于相同的IncFIA（HI1）/IncHI1A/IncHIB质粒家族（p193k）。令人惊讶的是，151个全球tet（X4）阳性质粒中有34个是p193k成员，仅在中国流行。其他携带许多具有特定遗传环境的极为重要的ARGs（mcr或blaNDM）的p193k成员在人类动物环境来源中广泛存在，其中33.77%来自人类。值得注意的是，对203个p193k-tetX4序列的系统发育分析显示，人类和动物来源的质粒聚集在相同的系统发育亚群中。最大的谱系（173/203）包括161株大肠杆菌、6株克雷伯菌、3株肠杆菌、2株柠檬酸杆菌和1株勒克莱尔菌。来自动物（n=143）、人类（n=18）和环境（n=9）。有趣的是，另一个谱系中最早的2015年来自马来西亚河水的大肠杆菌菌株YA_GR3和2016年中国肠道链球菌临床菌株GX1006表明，p193k-tetX4已从肠道链球菌或大肠杆菌广泛传播到其他肠杆菌。此外，180株大肠杆菌p193k-tetX4菌株在食用动物、宠物、候鸟、人类和生态系统中广泛跨部门传播。我们的发现证明了携带关键ARG的高风险p193k在多个界面和物种之间的广泛传播。因此，在众多来源和细菌物种中对这些类似的高风险质粒进行基于健康的系统监测是极其必要的。
Abstract
In Shanghai, the prevalence of tet(X4) and tet(X4)-carrying plasmid from food-producing -animal Enterobacteriales has not been intensively investigated. Here, five tet(X4)-positive swine-origin E. coli strains were characterized among 652 food-producing-animal E. coli isolates in Shanghai during 2018–2021 using long-term surveillance among poultry, swine and cattle, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and tet(X4)-specific PCR. A combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies demonstrated that the five strains with 4 STs carried a nearly identical 193 kb tet(X4)-bearing plasmid (p193k-tetX4) belonging to the same IncFIA(HI1)/IncHI1A/IncHIB plasmid family (p193k). Surprisingly, 34 of the 151 global tet(X4)-positive plasmids was the p193k members and exclusively pandemic in China. Other p193k members harboring many critically important ARGs (mcr or blaNDM) with particular genetic environment are widespread throughout human-animal-environmental sources, with 33.77 % human origin. Significantly, phylogenetic analysis of 203 p193k-tetX4 sequences revealed that human- and animal-origin plasmids clustered within the same phylogenetic subgroups. The largest lineage (173/203) comprised 161 E. coli, 6 Klebsiella, 3 Enterobacter, 2 Citrobacter, and 1 Leclercia spp. from animals (n = 143), humans (n = 18), and the environment (n = 9). Intriguingly, the earliest 2015 E. coli strain YA_GR3 from Malaysian river water and 2016 S. enterica Chinese clinical strain GX1006 in another lineage demonstrated that p193k-tetX4 have been widely spread from S. enterica or E. coli to other Enterobacterales. Furthermore, 180 E. coli p193k-tetX4 strains were widespread cross-sectorial transmission among food animals, pets, migratory birds, human and ecosystems. Our findings proved the extensive transmission of the high-risk p193k harboring crucial ARGs across multiple interfaces and species. Therefore, one-health-based systemic surveillance of these similar high-risk plasmids across numerous sources and bacterial species is extremely essential.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723014237