摘要
      重复和高剂量施用多菌灵已造成严重的土壤多菌灵污染，并提出了环保和经济的方法来促进农业土壤中多菌灵的去除。废蘑菇基质（SMS）是蘑菇收获后的一种特殊回收资源，可用于污染土壤改良。SMS在农业土壤中的应用可能会增加抗生素抗性基因的丰度，通过合理的管理来调整土壤硝化或反硝化的相关电子传输，可以降低SMS应用的健康风险。本研究采用SMS和硝化抑制剂双氰胺对多菌灵污染的农业土壤进行修复，测定了多菌灵含量、土壤微生物生物量、活性、群落和人类疾病基因。与对照处理相比，SMS和双氰胺联合施用显著降低了土壤多菌灵含量38.14%，但显著提高了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、几丁质酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脲酶和电子传递系统的活性。随着SMS的应用，变形菌和放线菌的相对丰度分别增加了11.0%和8.2%。多菌灵残留量与土壤pH值、电子传递系统活性以及变形菌和放线菌的相对丰度呈负相关。随着SMS的施用，人类疾病基因的相对丰度也显著增加，但与单独施用SMS相比，额外施用双氰胺显著降低了人类疾病基因在土壤中的相对丰度。SMS在杀菌剂污染土壤中的应用可能产生促进杀菌剂消散但导致潜在健康风险增加的双刃剑效应，而将双氰胺与SMS一起应用可能是减少健康风险负面影响的有效策略。
Abstract
Repeated and high-dose carbendazim applications have caused serious soil carbendazim contamination, and eco-friendly and economical approaches have been suggested to promote carbendazim removal in agricultural soil. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a special recycled resource after harvesting mushrooms and can be utilized in contaminated soil amendment. The SMS application into agricultural soil might increase antibiotic resistance gene abundances, and the health risks of SMS application might be reduced with reasonable management to adjust the related electron transport of soil nitrification or denitrification. In this study, the SMS and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide were used to remediate agricultural soil contaminated with the carbendazim, and the carbendazim contents, soil microbial biomass, activities and community and human disease genes were determined. Compared to the control treatment, the combined applications of SMS and dicyandiamide significantly decreased soil carbendazim content by 38.14% but significantly enhanced soil β-glucosidase, chitinase, arylsulfatase, urease and electron transfer system activities. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased by 11.0% and 8.2% with the SMS application, respectively. The carbendazim residues were negatively correlated with the soil pH, electron transfer system activities and relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The relative abundances of human disease genes were also dramatically increased with the SMS application, but compared to the SMS alone, extra dicyandiamide application significantly reduced the relative abundances of human disease genes in soils. The SMS applications into fungicide-contaminated soils could generate double-edged sword effects of facilitating fungicide dissipation but leading to potential health risk increase, while applying the dicyandiamide with SMS might be an effective strategy to decrease the negative effect of health risk.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122022072