摘要
      土地利用的转变改变了土壤性质及其微生物群落，再加上人类和动物健康中抗生素的过度使用，促进了土壤耐药性的扩大。在这种情况下，我们旨在了解不同土地做法下土壤的抗性和微生物群。我们从圣保罗（巴西）农村的不同地点收集了八个土壤样本，基于16S rRNA测序评估了群落概况，并基于鸟枪测序分析了土壤宏基因组。我们发现了群落结构及其动态的差异，这些差异与土地实践有关，例如葡萄球菌属和芽孢杆菌属在农田中的优势。此外，我们调查了所研究土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和毒力因子（VFs）的丰度和多样性，观察到vanRO基因在牲畜土壤中的存在性和同质性较高。此外，在果园和城市广场土壤中还发现了三种β-内酰胺酶。总之，我们的研究结果加强了AMR监测在环境中的重要性和紧迫性，特别是在正在经历土地利用深度转型的土壤中，为“一个健康”方法下的环境抗性水平和土壤群落特征分析提供了初步探索。
Abstract
Land-use conversion changes soil properties and their microbial communities, which, combined with the overuse of antibiotics in human and animal health, promotes the expansion of the soil resistome. In this context, we aimed to profile the resistome and the microbiota of soils under different land practices. We collected eight soil samples from different locations in the countryside of São Paulo (Brazil), assessed the community profiles based on 16S rRNA sequencing, and analyzed the soil metagenomes based on shotgun sequencing. We found differences in the communities’ structures and their dynamics that were correlated with land practices, such as the dominance of Staphylococcus and Bacillus genera in agriculture fields. Additionally, we surveyed the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) across studied soils, observing a higher presence and homogeneity of the vanRO gene in livestock soils. Moreover, three β-lactamases were identified in orchard and urban square soils. Together, our findings reinforce the importance and urgency of AMR surveillance in the environment, especially in soils undergoing deep land-use transformations, providing an initial exploration under the One Health approach of environmental levels of resistance and profiling soil communities.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/334