摘要
      使用动物来源的有机改良剂进行农业施肥通常会导致抗生素耐药性的传播。在这项研究中，我们评估了不同处理（厌氧消化、生物炭应用、臭氧氧化、零价铁纳米颗粒应用和添加废蘑菇基质）对奶牛粪便衍生改良剂（浆料、粪肥和堆肥）中抗性的影响。厌氧消化和生物炭应用导致抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和移动遗传元件（MGE）基因丰度的最高降低。这两种处理方法被应用于牛粪堆肥，然后用于为生菜生长施肥。作物收获后，分别通过液滴数字PCR和高通量qPCR测定土壤和生菜样品中ARG和MGE基因的绝对和相对丰度。利用16S rRNA代谢编码技术测定了牛粪改良土壤的原核生物多样性。与未经处理的堆肥相比，厌氧消化导致土壤中sul2和intl1的绝对丰度分别降低了38%和83%，而生物炭导致intl1绝对丰度降低了60%。不同处理间生菜基因丰度没有差异。我们得出的结论是，改良处理可以最大限度地降低农业生态系统中抗生素耐药性的风险。
Abstract
Agricultural fertilization with organic amendments of animal origin often leads to antibiotic resistance dissemination. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different treatments (anaerobic digestion, biochar application, ozonation, zerovalent iron nanoparticle application, and spent mushroom substrate addition) on the resistome in dairy cow manure-derived amendments (slurry, manure, and compost). Anaerobic digestion and biochar application resulted in the highest reduction in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) gene abundance. These two treatments were applied to cow manure compost, which was then used to fertilize the soil for lettuce growth. After crop harvest, ARG and MGE gene absolute and relative abundances in the soil and lettuce samples were determined by droplet digital PCR and high-throughput qPCR, respectively. Prokaryotic diversity in cow manure-amended soils was determined using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Compared to untreated compost, anaerobic digestion led to a 38% and 83% reduction in sul2 and intl1 absolute abundances in the soil, respectively, while biochar led to a 60% reduction in intl1 absolute abundance. No differences in lettuce gene abundances were observed among treatments. We conclude that amendment treatments can minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27840-9