摘要
      抗微生物耐药性在全球范围内构成严重的社会经济和生态威胁，需要创新的监测方法。在分析博茨瓦纳帕拉比农村社区的土壤、动物粪便、池水、废水和蔬菜样本以及环境时，考虑了一个健康概念。培养依赖性和下一代测序方法被用于细菌和抗生素耐药性基因的表征。观察到活的潜在致病菌表现出与各种临床相关抗生素相对应的多种耐药性。下一代序列分析还揭示了与临床上重要类别的抗生素（β-内酰胺、氨基糖苷、四环素、磷霉素、甲氧苄啶、磺酰胺、喹诺酮、大环内酯和氯霉素）相对应的细菌群落和获得性抗生素耐药性基因的发生和多样性。在一个农村社区的池塘水中观察到β-内酰胺酶编码（bla）基因的高度多样性。从群落和环境样本的宏基因组学序列中发现，γ-变形菌门是最丰富的。从全基因组序列数据中鉴定了编码沙雷氏菌DM6的多药耐药性和重金属耐药性。这项研究为下一代测序在中低收入国家的应用提供了概念验证，并支持“一个健康”对抗菌药物耐药性的监测。所产生的数据有助于抗菌药物管理计划和抗菌药物耐药性国家行动计划的实施。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses serious socioeconomic and ecological threat globally, warranting innovative approaches for surveillance and monitoring. One Health concept was considered in the analysis of soil, animal feces, pond water, wastewater and vegetable samples from a rural community and the environment in Palapye, Botswana. Culture-dependent and next-generation sequencing approaches were used for characterization of bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Viable potentially pathogenic bacteria exhibiting multi-drug resistance profiles corresponding to various clinically relevant antibiotics were observed. Next-generation sequence analysis also reveals occurrence and diversity of bacterial communities and acquired antibiotic resistance genes corresponding to clinically important classes of antibiotics (beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, fosfomycin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, quinolone, macrolide, and phenicol). High diversity was observed for beta-lactamase encoding (bla) genes from pond water in a rural community. Phylum gammaproteobacteria was revealed as the most abundant from metagenomics sequences of both community and environment samples. Multi-drug and heavy metal resistance encoding Serratia mercensens DM6 was identified from whole genome sequence data. This study serves as proof-of-concept for the application of next-generation sequencing in low- and middle-income countries and supports the One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. The data generated can contribute towards antimicrobial stewardship programs and implementation of National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416623000037