摘要

通过基因组内的突变导致细菌对抗生素的抗性进化（与新基因向水平基因转移不同）可以在一个步骤中发生，但通常是一个多步骤过程。 在实验室环境中，可以通过细菌在液体培养基或琼脂上的连续传代来研究抗性进化，在恒定或不同浓度的药物中进行选择。 全基因组测序可用于对进化突变体进行初始分析。 进化的轨迹可以通过对进化中间步骤的菌株进行序列分析来确定，并辅之以重演进化中间步骤的遗传重建的同基因菌株的表型分析。

The evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics by mutation within the genome (as distinct from horizontal gene transfer of new material into a genome) could occur in a single step but is usually a multistep process. Resistance evolution can be studied in laboratory environments by serial passage of bacteria in liquid culture or on agar, with selection at constant, or varying, concentrations of drug. Whole genome sequencing can be used to make an initial analysis of the evolved mutants. The trajectory of evolution can be determined by sequence analysis of strains from intermediate steps in the evolution, complemented by phenotypic analysis of genetically reconstructed isogenic strains that recapitulate the intermediate steps in the evolution.

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-7638-6_9