早期的微生物群，抗生素和健康
发布者：抗性基因网 时间：2018-04-09 浏览量：482
摘要
新生儿消化道的定殖提供了对宿主的生理稳态足够成熟所需的微生物刺激。受到若干因素影响的这种定殖开始于兼性厌氧菌，并继续与厌氧菌属相关。越来越多的证据强调早期新生儿期对这种微生物诱导的成熟的关键作用，这是后来健康的关键决定因素。因此，了解确定婴儿微生物群建立的因素至关重要。暴露于产前或产后的抗生素在早期生活中很常见，主要是由于使用了分娩期间的预防或在剖宫产分娩中使用抗生素。但是，我们还远远不了解早期抗生素的影响及其长期影响。在婴儿早期接触抗生素的个体中观察到增加非传染性疾病如过敏或肥胖的风险。此外，抗生素对婴儿肠道菌群的建立的影响以及微生物群作为抗性基因库的作用应该在与抗生素抗性致病菌株数量增加相关的问题的背景下进行评估。在本文中，我们将回顾和讨论上述问题，旨在鼓励就理解早期抗生素对人类微生物群和健康的影响以及制定旨在最大限度减少这种影响的策略所需采取的行动进行辩论。
The colonization of the neonatal digestive tract provides a microbial stimulus required for an adequate maturation towards the physiological homeostasis of the host. This colonization, which is affected by several factors, begins with facultative anaerobes and continues with anaerobic genera. Accumulating evidence underlines the key role of the early neonatal period for this microbiota-induced maturation, being a key determinant factor for later health. Therefore, understanding the factors that determine the establishment of the microbiota in the infant is of critical importance. Exposure to antibiotics, either prenatally or postnatally, is common in early life mainly due to the use of intrapartum prophylaxis or to the administration of antibiotics in C-section deliveries. However, we are still far from understanding the impact of early antibiotics and their long-term effects. Increased risk of non-communicable diseases, such as allergies or obesity, has been observed in individuals exposed to antibiotics during early infancy. Moreover, the impact of antibiotics on the establishment of the infant gut resistome, and on the role of the microbiota as a reservoir of resistance genes, should be evaluated in the context of the problems associated with the increasing number of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains. In this article, we review and discuss the above-mentioned issues with the aim of encouraging debate on the actions needed for understanding the impact of early life antibiotics upon human microbiota and health and for developing strategies aimed at minimizing this impact.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-017-2670-2
