摘要
      废水系统中可存活但不可培养（VBNC）细菌的出现对环境和公众健康构成了巨大威胁，尤其是在医院废水处理系统中。已经进行了以HWTS为导向的研究，以评估使用本地细菌进行氯化和紫外线消毒的有效性。结果显示，即使在高氯化（12 mg/L，持续2.5小时）和紫外线剂量（1000 mJ/cm2）下，VBNC大肠杆菌和ARGs仍保持持久性。通过转录组学研究了大肠杆菌中氯化/紫外线诱导的VBNC状态的分子机制，结果表明，大多数能量依赖性生理活动（如代谢）在VBNC大肠杆菌中受到抑制，而致病性相关基因与可培养细胞相比变化不显著，表明VBNC大肠杆菌可能表现出潜在的致病性。进一步的意大利黑加仑菌模型实验证实，尽管消毒诱导的VBNC状态使细胞的传染性降低，但这些细胞在复苏后可以恢复其致病性。这项体外研究可作为VBNC细菌感染研究的参考，并强调了医院废水中VBNC病原体对健康的风险。有必要制定专门针对医疗机构的污水标准，并应考虑更严格的下游消毒策略，以去除污水中的VBNC细胞和ARG。
Abstract
The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in the wastewater system poses a huge threat to environmental and public health, in particular in hospital wastewater treatment system (HWTS). HWTS-oriented studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of chlorination and UV disinfection using indigenous bacteria. Results revealed that the VBNC Escherichia coli and ARGs remained persistent even at high chlorination (12 mg/L for 2.5 h) and UV doses (1000 mJ/cm2). The molecular mechanisms underlying chlorination-/UV-induced VBNC state in E. coli were explored through the transcriptomics and results suggested that most energy-dependent physiological activities (e.g., metabolism) have been suppressed in VBNC E. coli, while the pathogenicity-related genes varied insignificantly compared to the culturable cells, indicating that the VBNC E. coli could potentially display pathogenicity. Further Galleria mellonella model experiment has confirmed that although the disinfection-induced VBNC state made cells less infectious, these cells could regain their pathogenicity after resuscitation. This in vitro study can be used as a reference for studies on infections from VBNC bacteria and highlights the health risk due to VBNC pathogens in hospital effluents. There is a need to develop effluent standards specifically for healthcare facilities, and a stricter downstream disinfection strategy should be considered for the removal of VBNC cells and ARGs in the effluent.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421021968