摘要
      膜生物反应器是一种先进的处理技术，与传统的处理工艺相比，由于其优异的生物量保留能力，有望减少抗生素耐药性在环境中的传播。在本研究中，宏基因组测序用于评估平行运行的好氧膜生物反应器（AeMBR）和厌氧膜生物反应机（AnMBR）的微生物群落反应和抗生素耐药性，处理补充了选定抗生素的相同合成废水。我们的结果显示，与AnMBR相比，AeMBR对微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）增殖的抗生素影响更大。此外，与AnMBR对应物相比，抗生素负载对AeMBR生物量和流出的细胞内DNA的微生物多样性造成了更明显的破坏。在抗生素负载下，AeMBR流出物以抗生素抗性细菌的形式富集了ARGs，而AnMBR流出液富集了一系列广泛的细胞外ARGs。这些结果为废水管理过程中工艺选择和控制ARGs的扩散提供了理论依据。
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors are advanced treatment technologies that, compared to conventional treatment processes, are expected to reduce antibiotic resistance spread in the environment due to their superior biomass retention. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to assess the response of the microbial community and antibiotic resistance profile of an aerobic membrane bioreactor (AeMBR) and an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) operated in parallel, treating identical synthetic wastewater supplemented with select antibiotics. Our results revealed a greater antibiotic impact on the microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) proliferation within the AeMBR compared to the AnMBR. Moreover, antibiotic loading elicited a more pronounced disruption of the microbial diversity of the AeMBR biomass and effluent intracellular DNA compared to its AnMBR counterpart. Under antibiotic loading, the AeMBR effluent enriched ARGs in the form of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while the AnMBR effluent enriched a wide set of extracellular ARGs across a broad spectrum of resistance classes. These results provide a theoretical basis for process selection and controlling the spread of ARGs during wastewater management.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00383