摘要
      包括地铁和公交车在内的公共交通系统是研究城市微生物组的有用环境，因为城市地区的绝大多数人口都使用公共交通。城市环境中的微生物群落包括在健康和病原体传播中发挥作用的人类和环境相关细菌。在这项研究中，我们使用霰弹枪宏基因组测序来分析从首尔公共交通系统地铁站和公交车站的各种表面采样的微生物群落。采用宏基因组方法和网络分析方法研究了广谱抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）及其共现模式。我们在首尔公共交通系统内不同表面采集的76个样本中发现了598种细菌。所有样本均以潜在的人类病原体肠炎沙门氏菌（40%）和人类皮肤细菌痤疮杆菌（19%）为主。在地铁站样本中检测到的大量生物标志物与通常在人类口腔和呼吸道中发现的细菌有关，而在公交车站样本中检测出的生物标志物则与土壤、水和植物中常见的细菌有关。温度和位置对微生物群落结构和多样性有显著影响。总共鉴定出41种独特的ARG亚型，与临床上重要且广泛使用的抗生素（包括氨基糖苷类、碳青霉烯类、糖肽类和磺酰胺类）的单药或多药耐药性有关。我们发现，首尔地铁站和公交车站拥有独特的微生物群，其中含有潜在的人类病原体和ARGs。这些发现为完善特定地点的反应提供了见解，以减少接触潜在的传染病病原体，改善公共卫生。
Abstract
Mass transit systems, including subways and buses, are useful environments for studying the urban microbiome, as the vast majority of populations in urban areas use public transportation. Microbial communities in urban environments include both human- and environment-associated bacteria that play roles in health and pathogen transmission. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile microbial communities sampled from various surfaces found in subway stations and bus stops within the Seoul mass transit system. The metagenomic approach and network analysis were used to investigate broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-occurrence patterns. We uncovered 598 bacterial species in 76 samples collected from various surfaces within the Seoul mass transit system. All samples were dominated by the potential human pathogen Salmonella enterica (40 %) and the human skin bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (19 %). Significantly abundant biomarkers detected in subway station samples were associated with bacteria typically found in the human oral cavity and respiratory tract, whereas biomarkers detected in bus stop samples were associated with bacteria commonly found in soil, water, and plants. Temperature and location had significant effects on microbial community structure and diversity. In total, 41 unique ARG subtypes were identified, associated with single-drug or multidrug resistance to clinically important and extensively used antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, carbapenem, glycopeptide, and sulfonamides. We revealed that Seoul subway stations and bus stops possess unique microbiomes containing potential human pathogens and ARGs. These findings provide insights for refining location-specific responses to reduce exposure to potentially causative agents of infectious diseases, improving public health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322010168