摘要
      污水生物处理是一个复杂群落的微生物代谢将污染物转化为低毒性或无毒产品的过程。由于对微生物群落的多样性和复杂性缺乏深入的了解，很可能会忽视微生物群落在废水处理中的潜在机制。宏基因组学是一种基于分子生物学的技术，从环境样本中获得大量基因序列，并通过生物信息学进行分析，以确定微生物群落的组成和功能。宏基因组学可以比传统的分子方法更有效地识别微生物在其原生环境中的状态。本文综述了宏基因组学在废水生物处理中评估微生物群落的应用，如细菌对磷和氮的生物去除、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的研究以及微生物群落对重金属的还原，重点介绍了微生物多样性和代谢多样性的贡献。阐明了宏基因组学在污水生物处理中应用的技术瓶颈，并提出了宏基因组的未来研究方向，其中多组学的应用将是未来污水生物处理的重要研究方法。
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment is a process in which the microbial metabolism of complex communities transforms pollutants into low- or non-toxic products. Due to the absence of an in-depth understanding of the diversity and complexity of microbial communities, it is very likely to ignore the potential mechanisms of microbial community in wastewater treatment. Metagenomics is a technology based on molecular biology, in which massive gene sequences are obtained from environmental samples and analyzed by bioinformatics to determine the composition and function of a microbial community. Metagenomics can identify the state of microbes in their native environments more effectively than traditional molecular methods. This review summarizes the application of metagenomics to assess microbial communities in biological wastewater treatment, such as the biological removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by bacteria, the study of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the reduction of heavy metals by microbial communities, with an emphasis on the contribution of microbial diversity and metabolic diversity. Technical bottlenecks in the application of metagenomics to biological wastewater treatment are elucidated, and future research directions for metagenomics are proposed, among which the application of multi-omics will be an important research method for future biological wastewater treatment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721058150