摘要
      世界卫生组织认为，抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是21世纪全球十大公共卫生风险之一。人口的扩张和与人类相关的活动，伴随着自然栖息地的破碎化，导致了人类与野生动物的互动增加。因此，自然生态系统受到人为输入的影响，从而影响野生动物的抵抗力。因此，需要采取紧急的多部门行动，按照“一个健康”的方针实现可持续发展目标。目前的工作属于这种方法的范围，旨在表征赤狐（Vulpes Vulpes）粪便微生物组的AMR，赤狐是一种机会主义和多面手的通感物种，其在城市和城市周边地区的丰度一直在增加。使用高通量qPCR方法筛选和定量了大量抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动遗传元件（MGE），并用ECOFF和临床断点对可培养大肠杆菌和肠球菌的耐药性进行了评估和解释。检测到的最丰富的ARG赋予了对甲氧苄啶和四环素类药物的耐药性，尽管在研究的其中一个位置没有第一个。在相对丰度较高的地区（blaTEM、ermB、aadA、tetM、tetW、tetL、drfA1和drfA17），特别是在人为影响较大的地理区域，发现了几种被认为对人类健康构成威胁的ARG。尽管耐药和耐多药（MDR）大肠杆菌和肠球菌的比例较低，但已分离出，其中一株耐多药大肠杆菌对来自6个不同类别的12种抗菌药物表现出耐药性。
Abstract
The WHO considers that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the ten greatest global public health risks of the 21st century. The expansion of human populations and anthropogenically related activities, accompanied by the fragmentation of natural habitats, has resulted in increased human–wildlife interaction. Natural ecosystems are therefore subjected to anthropogenic inputs, which affect the resistome of wild animals. Thus, urgent multisectoral action is needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals following the One Health approach. The present work falls within the scope of this approach and aims to characterize the AMR of the faecal microbiome of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), an opportunistic and generalist synanthropic species whose abundance has been increasing in urban and peri-urban areas. A high number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were screened and quantified using a high-throughput qPCR approach, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of cultivable E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were assessed interpreted with both ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints. The most abundant ARGs detected confer resistance to trimethoprim and tetracyclines, although the first were absent in one of the locations studied. Several ARGs considered to be threats to human health were identified in high relative abundances (blaTEM, ermB, aadA, tetM, tetW, tetL, drfA1 and drfA17), especially in the geographical area with greater anthropogenic influence. Although at a low percentage, resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were isolated, including one MDR E. coli showing resistance to 12 antimicrobials from 6 different classes.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2572