摘要
     本研究的目的是评估同时长期暴露于浓度不断增加的三类抗菌药物（β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类和硝基咪唑类）对以下方面的影响：（1）污水污泥厌氧消化的效率，（2）参与甲烷发酵的微生物群落的定性和定量变化，以及（3）抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的命运。用不同剂量的甲硝唑、阿莫西林和环丙沙星组合长期补充污水污泥，不会引起工艺参数的显著变化，包括挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的浓度或ARGs的总丰度。接触抗生素显著降低了甲烷的产生和微生物组成的改变。测序分析表明，古菌OTU特征的丰度与沼气生产效率无关。该研究还表明，在存在抗菌药物的情况下，甲基营养甲烷生成的氢依赖性途径可以显著促进厌氧消化的稳定性。与对照相比，暴露于最高剂量测试抗生素的基质样品中的微生物生物多样性变化最大。抗菌药物的广泛使用增加了污水污泥中的抗生素浓度，这可能会降低厌氧消化的效率，并导致抗生素耐药性（AR）的传播。
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of simultaneous, long-term exposure to increasing concentrations of three classes of antimicrobials (β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazoles) on: (1) the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, (2) qualitative and quantitative changes in microbial consortia that participate in methane fermentation, and (3) fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Long-term supplementation of sewage sludge with a combination of metronidazole, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin applied at different doses did not induce significant changes in process parameters, including the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), or the total abundance of ARGs. Exposure to antibiotics significantly decreased methane production and modified microbial composition. The sequencing analysis revealed that the abundance of OTUs characteristic of Archaea was not correlated with the biogas production efficiency. The study also demonstrated that the hydrogen-dependent pathway of methylotrophic methanogenesis could significantly contribute to the stability of anaerobic digestion in the presence of antimicrobials. The greatest changes in microbial biodiversity were noted in substrate samples exposed to the highest dose of the tested antibiotics, relative to control. The widespread use of antimicrobials increases antibiotic concentrations in sewage sludge, which may decrease the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR).

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/5/1826