摘要
      土壤原生生物是调节土壤微生物群落的关键。然而，我们对土壤原生生物在形成抗生素耐药性中的作用的理解是有限的。在这里，我们考虑了通过多次施肥处理的长期田间试验收集的可耕地土壤中细菌、真菌和原生生物的多样性和组成。我们使用高通量qPCR研究了土壤原生生物对抗生素耐药性的影响。我们的研究结果表明，长期施肥对原生生物组成的影响比对细菌和真菌的影响更大。在施用有机肥的土壤中，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的检测数量和相对丰度都有所增加。共现网络分析显示，原生生物的变化可能有助于ARGs组成的变化，不同肥料的施用改变了原生生物消费者的群落，这表明原生生物群落对ARGs的影响可能会因自上而下对细菌组成的影响而改变。这项研究表明，土壤原生生物在监测和调节与有机肥料相关的抗生素耐药性的生态风险方面是有前途的。
Abstract
Soil protists are key in regulating soil microbial communities. However, our understanding on the role of soil protists in shaping antibiotic resistome is limited. Here, we considered the diversity and composition of bacteria, fungi and protists in arable soils collected from a long-term field experiment with multiple fertilization treatments. We explored the effects of soil protists on antibiotic resistome using high-throughput qPCR. Our results showed that long term fertilization had stronger effect on the composition of protists than those of bacteria and fungi. The detected number and relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were elevated in soils amended with organic fertilizer. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that changes in protists may contribute to the changes in ARGs composition, and the application of different fertilizers altered the communities of protistan consumers, suggesting that effects of protistan communities on ARGs might be altered by the top-down impact on bacterial composition. This study demonstrates soil protists as promising agents in monitoring and regulating ecological risk of antibiotic resistome associated with organic fertilizers.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122007308