摘要
      对94项已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析，以探讨农田施用抗生素污染的粪肥对粪肥改良土壤中抗生素浓度和ARG丰度的影响。报告了49种抗生素，其中金霉素、土霉素、多西环素、四环素、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星最为流行，浓度相对较高。在不同的管理策略和环境条件下，ARG和移动遗传元素（MGE）丰度对抗生素污染肥料农田施用的反应差异很大。平均而言，与未经处理的处理相比，农田施用抗生素污染的肥料可使ARG和MGE的总丰度分别显著增加591%和351%（P<0.05）。在所有纳入的ARG类别中，磺酰胺抗性基因的增幅最大（1121%），其次是氨基糖苷类（852%）和四环素类（763%）抗性基因。相关分析表明，由于共价键和不可提取残留物的形成，土壤有机碳（SOC）与施肥土壤中抗生素浓度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。土壤淤泥含量与抗生素浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），这归因于更大的吸附能力。ARG丰度与土壤含泥量、抗生素浓度、年平均温度、SOC、MGE和土壤pH呈正相关（P<0.05），表明这些因素的变化可能会影响ARG的分布。总之，这些发现促进了我们对粪肥改良土壤中抗生素和ARGs的发生以及影响它们的潜在因素的理解，并将有助于在未来的农业生产中更好地管理这些污染物。
Abstract
A meta-analysis of 94 published studies was conducted to explore the impacts of farmland application of antibiotic-contaminated manures on antibiotic concentrations and ARG abundances in manure-amended soil. Forty-nine antibiotics were reported, in which chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were the most prevalent and had relatively high concentrations. The responses of ARG and mobile genetic element (MGE) abundances to farmland application of antibiotic-contaminated manures varied considerably under different management strategies and environmental settings. On average, compared to unamended treatments, farmland application of antibiotic-contaminated manures significantly increased the total ARG and MGE abundances by 591% and 351%, respectively (P < 0.05). Of all the included ARG classes, the largest increase was found for sulfonamide resistance genes (1121%), followed by aminoglycoside (852%) and tetracycline (763%) resistance genes. Correlation analysis suggested that soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly negatively correlated with antibiotic concentrations in manured soil (P < 0.05) due to the formation of covalent bonds and nonextractable residues. Soil silt content was significantly positively correlated with antibiotic concentration (P < 0.05), which was attributed to greater sorption capacities. The ARG abundances were significantly positively correlated with soil silt content, antibiotic concentrations, mean annual temperature, SOC, MGEs and soil pH (P < 0.05), suggesting that changes in these factors may shape the ARG profiles. Collectively, these findings advanced our understanding of the occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs in manure-amended soil and potential factors affecting them and will contribute to better management of these contaminants in future agricultural production.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522010220