摘要
      牛的粪便中含有60多种不同的ARGs，它们具有不同的抵抗力。ARGs与细菌及其原噬菌体和噬菌体有关，并且可以在细胞外的转座元件和质粒上发现。一种细菌的抗生素抗性基因可以通过接合、转化和转导等三种确定的机制之一水平转移到另一种细菌。抗生素耐药性基因在这种方法中的快速传播正成为医学上的对抗要处理。家畜废弃物被认为是ARGs向自然环境传播的热点。因此，处理包括牲畜粪便在内的环境元素中的ARGs可以降低这些基因的丰度和多样性，并保护人类和动物的健康。然而，没有一种单一的处理方法能够完全灭活动物粪便中的耐药细菌或基因。在这篇综述中，我们评估了一些用于灭活牲畜废物中ARGs的技术。
Abstract
The manure of cattle is containing more than 60 different ARGs with varying resistome different from heard to another. ARGs are associated with bacteria and their prophages and phages, and can be found extracellular on transposable elements and plasmids. Antibiotic resistance Genes in one species of bacteria can be horizontally transferred to another species by one of three defined mechanisms such as conjugation, transformation and transduction. The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in this method is becoming medically confrontation
to deal with. Animal livestock wastes consider as hotspot for dissemination of ARGs to natural environment. Therefore, treatment of ARGs in environmental elements including livestock waste can decrease abundance and diversity of these genes and protect human protecting human and animal health. However, there no single treatment method has ability to completely inactivation of resistant bacteria or gene in the animal wastes. In this review, we evaluate some technologies that used to inactivate of ARGs in livestock wastes. 

https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/a6897be5b186c264