摘要
      包括粪便病原体和抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）在内的肠道微生物群的气溶胶传输已在一系列环境中得到记录，但在室内环境外仍知之甚少。我们对同行评审的文献进行了系统回顾，以总结特定肠道微生物群的证据，包括在户外暴露和抗生素耐药性（AR）传播风险最高的城市环境中的气溶胶样本中测量的肠道病原体和ARG。根据PRISMA指南，我们使用相关数据源对1990-2020年间发表的文章进行了关键词搜索。两位作者独立进行了数据库的关键词搜索，并在合并结果之前进行了一次和二次筛选。包括在内的是，研究包含了室外气溶胶中肠道微生物和AR的可提取数据，无论来源确认如何，并报告了肠道微生物或AR的定性、定量或生存能力数据。定性分析和指标摘要显示，肠道微生物和AR通常通过相对丰度测量在室外气溶胶中得到一致报告，尽管仍存在差距，无法充分理解空气微生物途径在肠道相关户外气溶胶的命运和运输中的作用。我们发现了证据基础中的剩余空白，包括需要对细菌属以外的生物气溶胶中的肠道病原体进行广泛的表征，需要在肠道疾病高风险地区进行更多的采样，以及对可应用于命运和运输模型以及定量微生物风险评估的微生物和核酸密度的定量估计的需要。

Abstract
Aerosol transport of enteric microbiota including fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) has been documented in a range of settings but remains poorly understood outside indoor environments. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to summarize evidence on specific enteric microbiota including enteric pathogens and ARGs that have been measured in aerosol samples in urban settings where the risks of outdoor exposure and antibiotic resistance (AR) spread may be highest. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a key word search for articles published within the years 1990–2020 using relevant data sources. Two authors independently conducted the keyword searches of databases and conducted primary and secondary screenings before merging results. To be included, studies contained extractable data on enteric microbes and AR in outdoor aerosols regardless of source confirmation and reported on qualitative, quantitative, or viability data on enteric microbes or AR. Qualitative analyses and metric summaries revealed that enteric microbes and AR have been consistently reported in outdoor aerosols, generally via relative abundance measures, though gaps remain preventing full understanding of the role of the aeromicrobiological pathway in the fate and transport of enteric associated outdoor aerosols. We identified remaining gaps in the evidence base including a need for broad characterization of enteric pathogens in bioaerosols beyond bacterial genera, a need for greater sampling in locations of high enteric disease risk, and a need for quantitative estimation of microbial and nucleic acid densities that may be applied to fate and transport models and in quantitative microbial risk assessment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122004248