摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因和病原体是新出现的环境污染物，对人类健康和生态系统构成威胁。工业园区污水处理厂（WWTP）处理来自工业生产和园区人类活动的大量综合废水，这些废水可能是ARGs和病原体的来源。因此，本研究调查了ARGs、ARGs宿主和病原体的发生和流行情况，并分别使用宏基因组分析和基于组学的框架评估了大型销售工业园区污水处理厂生物处理过程中ARGs的健康风险。结果表明，ARG的主要亚型为多药耐药基因（MDRGs）、macB、tetA（58）、evgS、novA、msbA和bcrA，ARGs的主要宿主为嗜酸菌属、假单胞菌属和中根瘤菌属。特别是，所有确定的ARGs属级宿主都是病原体。ARGs、MDRGs和病原体的总去除率分别为12.77%、12.96%和25.71%，表明目前的处理方法不能有效去除这些污染物。ARGs、MDRGs和病原体的相对丰度随着生物处理过程的变化而变化，ARGs和MDRGs在活性污泥中富集，病原体在二沉池和活性污泥中都富集。在980个已知的ARGs中，23个ARGs（如ermB、gadX和tetM）被分为风险等级I，具有在人类相关环境中富集、基因移动性和致病性的特征。结果表明，工业园区污水处理厂可能是ARGs、MDRGs和病原体的重要来源。这些观察结果促使人们对工业园区污水处理厂ARGs和病原体的起源、发展、传播和风险评估进行进一步研究。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogens are emerging environmental pollutants that pose a threat to human health and ecosystem. Industrial park wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treat large amounts of comprehensive wastewater derived from industrial production and park human activity, which is possible a source of ARGs and pathogens. Therefore, this study investigated the occurrence and prevalence of ARGs, ARGs hosts and pathogens and assesses the ARGs health risk in the biological treatment process in a large-sale industrial park WWTP using metagenomic analysis and omics-based framework, respectively. Results show that the major ARG subtypes are multidrug resistance genes (MDRGs), macB, tetA(58), evgS, novA, msbA and bcrA and the ARGs main hosts were genus Acidovorax, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium. In particular, all determined ARGs genus level hosts are pathogens. The total removal percentage of ARGs, MDRGs and pathogens were 12.77 %, 12.96 % and 25.71 % respectively, suggesting that the present treatment could not efficiently remove these pollutants. The relative abundance of ARGs, MDRGs and pathogens varied along biological treatment process that ARGs and MDRGs were enriched in activated sludge and pathogens were enriched in both secondary sedimentation tank and activated sludge. Among 980 known ARGs, 23 ARGs (e.g., ermB, gadX and tetM) were assigned into risk Rank I with characters of enrichment in the human-associated environment, gene mobility and pathogenicity. The results indicate that industrial park WWTPs might serve as an important source of ARGs, MDRGs, and pathogens. These observations invite further study of the origination, development, dissemination and risk assessment of industrial park WWTPs ARGs and pathogens.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723018971