摘要
      抗生素和相应的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）是废水中新出现的污染物，对环境和人类健康构成重大威胁。人工湿地是一种通过基质、植物和微生物消除这些污染物的成本效益高的技术。对CW底物在抗生素和ARG去除中的作用以及该领域的最新进展缺乏详细的综述。本文综述了影响CWs中抗生素和ARG（细胞内和细胞外）去除的机制，以及天然、生物质、化学、改性、工业、新型和组合底物对其去除效率的影响。通常，底物主要通过吸附、生物降解、化学氧化和过滤来去除抗生素和ARGs。其他机制，如光解，也可能有助于去除。天然基质（如砾石、沸石）比其他类型的基质更常用。通过增强基质吸附、过滤和生物降解过程，沸石对抗生素和细胞内ARGs的去除性能优于砾石。此外，锰矿石显示出通过各种去除途径去除高浓度抗生素的良好能力。此外，土壤/沙子/砾石和其他基质的组合基质进一步促进了抗生素的去除。建议未来的研究探索竞争吸附和氧化还原控制生物降解的机制，研究Fe/Mn氧化物通过化学氧化对抗生素和ARGs去除的影响，评估不同底物的水煤浆对细胞外ARGs的去除，并研究底物对全尺寸水煤浆中抗生素和ARG去除的影响。
Abstract
Antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging pollutants in wastewater that pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a cost-effective technology for eliminating these pollutants through substrates, plants, and microorganisms. Detailed reviews of the roles of CW substrates on antibiotic and ARG removal and recent progress in the field are lacking. This paper reviews the mechanisms influencing antibiotic and ARG (intracellular and extracellular) removal in CWs, and natural, biomass, chemical, modified, industrial, novel, and combined substrates on their removal efficiencies. Generally, substrates remove antibiotics and ARGs mainly through adsorption, biodegradation, chemical oxidation, and filtration. Other mechanisms, such as photolysis, may also contribute to removal. Natural substrates (e.g., gravel, zeolite) are more frequently employed than other types of substrates. The removal performance of antibiotics and intracellular ARGs by zeolite was better than that of gravel through enhanced substrate adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation processes. Moreover, Mn ore showed promising high capability to remove high concentration of antibiotics through various removal pathways. In addition, combined substrates of soil/sand/gravel and other substrates further facilitate antibiotic removal. Future research is suggested to explore the mechanisms of competitive adsorption and redox-controlled biodegradation, investigate the effect of Fe/Mn oxides on the removal of antibiotics and ARGs via chemical oxidation, evaluate the removal of extracellular ARGs by CWs with different substrates, and investigate the effect of substrates on removal of antibiotics and ARGs in full-scale CWs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722073570