摘要
      抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在淡水水库中的繁殖威胁着生态系统安全和人类健康，并引起了越来越多的关注。最近一系列关于ARGs的研究文章为这一新兴领域的数据驱动发现提供了独特的机会。在这里，我们使用数据驱动框架（DD）从全球60个水库的290个样本中挖掘数据，该框架旨在发现淡水水库中ARGs的地理分布、影响因素和污染热点。大多数数据来自亚洲和欧洲，在这些地区，在多药耐药性和磺酰胺耐药性基因占主导地位的水库中最常检测到9类ARGs。驱动水库ARG分布的因素在水库水体和沉积物之间存在差异，这些因素之间的相互作用对ARG分布解释力具有线性或非线性增强作用。在寒冷季节，富含有机碳、可移动遗传元素和抗生素的小型水库水域具有更高的ARGs污染潜力；在春季干旱期间，位于人口稠密地区的大型水库中的沉积物更利于ARGs的传播，因为它们富含抗生素和MGE。因此，ARG污染热点在水库水体和沉积物中的分布模式因内部和外部因素的差异而有很大差异。从“同一健康”的角度来看，我们通过DD框架发现的ARGs对淡水水库的广泛污染应该推动跨地区和跨学科的综合研究。特别是人类-食物链-生态系统的界面需要更好地了解ARG污染机制，应该开发有针对性的监测和评估系统，以维持淡水水库中的所有生态系统服务，并保障人类健康。
Abstract
The propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in freshwater reservoirs threatens ecosystem security and human health, and has attracted increasing attention. A series of recent research articles on ARGs provides a unique opportunity for data-driven discoveries in this emerging field. Here, we mined data from a total of 290 samples from 60 reservoirs worldwide with a data-driven framework (DD) developed to discover geographical distribution, influencing factors and pollution hotspots of ARGs in freshwater reservoirs. Most data came from Asia and Europe where nine classes of ARGs were most frequently detected in reservoirs with multi-drug resistance and sulfonamide resistance genes prevailing. Factors driving distribution of reservoir ARGs differed between reservoir waters and sediments, and interactions among these factors had linear or nonlinear enhancement effects on the explanatory power of ARG distribution. During the cold season, small-sized reservoir waters rich in organic carbon, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antibiotics had a higher pollution potential of ARGs; during the spring drought, sediments in large reservoirs located in densely populated areas were more conducive to dissemination of ARGs due to their richness in antibiotics and MGEs. Thus, distribution pattern of ARG pollution hotspots in reservoir waters and sediments varies greatly depending on the differences of internal and external factors. From the “One Health” perspective, this widespread contamination of freshwater reservoirs by ARGs we discovered through the DD framework should be a push to promote integrated research across regions and disciplines. Especially the human - food-chain - ecosystem interface needs an improved understanding of ARG contamination mechanisms and targeted monitoring and evaluation systems should be developed to maintain all ecosystem services in freshwater reservoirs as well as to safeguard human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135422014117