摘要
      抗生素过度使用促进了抗微生物耐药性（AMR）的传播，对健康和经济产生了重大影响。基因组测序揭示了抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）在各种微生物环境中的广泛存在。因此，对耐药性库的监测，如很少探索的口腔微生物组，对于对抗AMR是必要的。在此，我们对221名双胞胎儿童（124名女性和97名男性）在生命的第一个十年中的三个时间点取样，描述了儿科口腔耐药性的发展，并研究了其在龋齿中的作用。从530个口腔宏基因组中，我们鉴定了309个ARGs，它们按年龄显著聚集，从婴儿期开始就检测到宿主遗传效应。我们的研究结果表明，ARGs的潜在动员随着年龄的增长而增加，因为AMR相关的移动遗传元件Tn916转座酶与更多的物种和年龄较大的儿童中的ARGs共同定位。我们发现，与健康相比，龋齿中ARGs和物种的减少。这一趋势在修复后的牙齿中发生逆转。在这里，我们表明儿科口腔耐药组是口腔微生物组的固有和动态组成部分，在AMR和微生态失调的传播中具有潜在作用。
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Genome sequencing reveals the widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in diverse microbial environments. Hence, surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. Here, we characterise the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigate its role in dental caries in 221 twin children (124 females and 97 males) sampled at three time points over the first decade of life. From 530 oral metagenomes, we identify 309 ARGs, which significantly cluster by age, with host genetic effects detected from infancy onwards. Our results suggest potential mobilisation of ARGs increases with age as the AMR associated mobile genetic element, Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs in older children. We find a depletion of ARGs and species in dental caries compared to health. This trend reverses in restored teeth. Here we show the paediatric oral resistome is an inherent and dynamic component of the oral microbiome, with a potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36781-w