摘要
      土壤细菌种类繁多，通过各种微生物相互作用形成复杂的生态网络，在土壤多功能中发挥着重要作用。然而，对细菌网络的季节性影响，特别是细菌网络拓扑特征和土壤抗性之间的关系仍然没有得到充分的研究，这阻碍了我们揭示抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）时间动力学机制的能力。在这里，以流域为尺度，对四个季节进行了实地调查。我们观察到细菌网络的季节性变化显著，秋季的复杂性和稳定性较低，夏季的细菌群落生态位较宽。与细菌群落类似，ARG之间的共生网络也会随着季节变化而变化，特别是在节点度的拓扑特征方面，夏季的节点度平均高于其他季节。此外，在细菌网络中具有较高介数、压力、程度和接近中心性的节点与10大类ARGs表现出强烈的关系。这些发现突显了细菌网络拓扑特性的变化，这些变化可能会进一步改变土壤中的抗生素耐药性。总之，我们的研究结果揭示了流域尺度上细菌生态网络的时间动态，并为环境变化下的抗生素耐药性管理提供了新的见解。
Abstract
Soil bacteria are diverse and form complicated ecological networks through various microbial interactions, which play important roles in soil multi-functionality. However, the seasonal effects on the bacterial network, especially the relationship between bacterial network topological features and soil resistomes remains underexplored, which impedes our ability to unveil the mechanisms of the temporal-dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, a field investigation was conducted across four seasons at the watershed scale. We observed significant seasonal variation in bacterial networks, with lower complexity and stability in autumn, and a wider bacterial community niche in summer. Similar to bacterial communities, the co-occurrence networks among ARGs also shift with seasonal change, particularly with respect to the topological features of the node degree, which on average was higher in summer than in the other seasons. Furthermore, the nodes with higher betweenness, stress, degree, and closeness centrality in the bacterial network showed strong relationships with the 10 major classes of ARGs. These findings highlighted the changes in the topological properties of bacterial networks that could further alter antibiotic resistance in soil. Together, our results reveal the temporal dynamics of bacterial ecological networks at the watershed scale, and provide new insights into antibiotic resistance management under environmental changes.

https://ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.16298