摘要
      为了减少抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在环境中的不良影响，将林可霉素发酵渣（LFD）中的氮掺杂生物炭（NLBH）用作过硫酸盐（PDS）氧化系统中的活化剂。评估了该系统降解四环素（TC）、灭活抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和去除ARGs的能力。NLBH/PDS体系中TC的降解效率（70.1%）高于原始生物炭/PDS体系（10.3%）。证实了氮掺杂过程中产生的缺陷和边缘吡啶氮是PDS活化的反应位点。根据电子顺磁共振（EPR）和自由基猝灭实验，PDS活化的主要机制是由单线态氧（1O2）主导的非自由基途径。涉及硫酸盐（SO4·-）和羟基自由基（·OH）的自由基途径也在NLBH/PDS系统中发挥作用，但它们的作用很小。TC主要通过羟基化、去甲基化和脱羧来降解，在90分钟内，NLBH/PDS系统有效地灭活了71.5%的ARB（假单胞菌HLS-6）。细胞内ARGs（iARGs；sul1、sul2）和intI1的对数减少效率分别为2.73–4.04和2.70，而细胞外ARGs和intI1s的对数减少率分别为1.52–4.18和4.92-log。这项工作强调了在未来的先进废水处理系统中去除抗生素、ARB和iARGs的一种有前途的替代技术。
Abstract
To reduce the adverse effects of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, nitrogen-doped biochar (NLBH), derived from lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFD), was employed as an activator in a persulfate (PDS) oxidation system. The system was evaluated for its ability to degrade tetracycline (TC), inactivate antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and remove ARGs. The degradation efficiency of TC in the NLBH/PDS system (70.1%) was higher than that in the pristine biochar/PDS system (10.3%). It was confirmed that the defects and edge pyridinic nitrogen generated in the nitrogen doping process were the reactive sites for PDS activation. According to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching experiments, the major mechanism for PDS activation was a non-radical pathway dominated by singlet oxygen (1O2). Radical pathways involving sulfate (SO4·-) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were also at play in the NLBH/PDS system, but their role was minor. TC was principally degraded by hydroxylation, demethylation, and decarboxylation, and within 90 min, the NLBH/PDS system effectively inactivated 71.5% of ARB (Pseudomonas sp. HLS-6). Intracellular ARGs (iARGs; sul1, sul2) and intI1 had log reduction efficiencies of 2.73–4.04 and 2.70, respectively, whereas, extracellular ARGs (sul1 and sul2) and intI1 accumulated noticeably by 1.52–4.18-and 4.92-log, respectively. This work highlights a promising alternative technique for the removal of antibiotics, ARB and iARGs in future advanced wastewater treatment systems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652623004869