摘要
      关于环境中各种物理和化学变量（包括重金属）、抗生素和微生物对抗生素耐药性基因的影响的综合研究很少。我们从位于中国上海的沙田湖水产养殖区和周围的湖泊和河流中收集了沉积物样本。通过宏基因组分析评估了沉积物ARG的空间分布，揭示了26种ARG类型（510种亚型），主要为多药、β-内酰胺、氨基糖苷、糖肽、氟喹诺酮和四环素。冗余判别分析表明，水环境和沉积物中的抗生素（SA和ML）以及水TN和TP是影响总ARGs丰度分布的关键变量。然而，不同ARG的主要环境驱动因素和关键影响因素各不相同。对于总ARGs，影响其结构组成和分布特征的环境亚型主要是抗生素残留。Procrustes分析显示，ARGs与调查区沉积物中的微生物群落之间存在显著相关性。网络分析显示，大多数靶ARG与微生物显著正相关，少数ARG（如rpoB、mdtC和efpA）与微生物（如Knoellia、Tetrasphaera和Gemmatrosa）高度显著正相关。主要ARGs的潜在宿主包括放线菌、变形菌和Gemmatimonadetes。我们的研究为ARG的分布和丰度以及ARG发生和传播的驱动因素提供了新的见解和全面的评估。
Abstract
Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables (including heavy metals), antibiotics, and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare. We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai, China. The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types (510 subtypes), dominated by Multidrug, β-lactam, Aminoglycoside, Glycopeptides, Fluoroquinolone, and Tetracyline. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics (SAs and MLs) in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs. However, the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs. For total ARGs, the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues. Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area. Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms, and a small number of ARGs (e.g., rpoB, mdtC, and efpA) were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms (e.g., Knoellia, Tetrasphaera, and Gemmatirosa). Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes. Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074222004168