摘要
      采用宏基因组学和实时定量聚合酶链式反应（q-PCR）研究了抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在养猪场污水处理厂（WWTP）和周围环境中的流行情况及其相关性。本研究还对ARGs的宿主进行了研究。在污水处理厂的缺氧/缺氧（A/O）过程和消毒池中，ARGs的丰度显著降低。经过厌氧反应器的废水中出现了新的ARG。养猪场附近土壤和水中ARGs的丰度分别比对照高10倍和35倍。养猪场附近水井中ARGs的丰度比对照高一个数量级。同样，在猪粪中检测到高丰度的ARGs。堆肥后，大多数ARG被消除，但sul1增加了10.5倍。高通量分析显示，养猪场改变了周围环境中的微生物群落结构，与对照中的这些数据相比，养猪场附近的土壤和水样中分别有52%和37%的操作分类单位（OTU）是特有的。变形菌门、脉络膜菌门和放线菌门在水和土壤样本中占主导地位。此外，在周围的土壤和水样中发现了三个致病属。宏基因组分析确定了14种ARGs（>1%），其中多药ARGs的比例最高，为47%。共检测到28种ARGs亚型（>1%），其中macB最为普遍。相关性分析显示，包括变形菌门、放线菌门和不动杆菌门在内的几个关键门是主要的潜在宿主，并与ARGs呈正相关。射流泵（60-66%）是主要的抗性机制，每种抗性机制在微生物群落中的分布比例相似。
Abstract
The prevalence and correlation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig farm wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and surrounding environment were investigated using metagenomics and real time quantitative PCR (q-PCR). The hosts of ARGs were also studied in this study. The abundance of ARGs decreased significantly in the anoxic/oxic (A/O) process and disinfection tank of WWTPs. New ARGs emerged in wastewater that passed though the anaerobic reactor. The abundances of ARGs in the soils and water near pig farm were 10- and 35-fold higher than those in the control, respectively. The abundance of ARGs in wells near pig farm were an order of magnitude higher than that in the control. Similarly, a high abundance of ARGs was detected in swine manure. After composting, most of the ARGs were eliminated, but sul1 increased 10.5-fold. A high-throughput analysis revealed that the pig farm altered the microbial community structure in the surrounding environment, with 52% and 37% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) endemic to the soil and water samples near pig farm in comparison with these data in the control, respectively. The phyla Proteobacteria, Choroflexi, and Actinobacteriota dominated the water and soil samples. In addition, three pathogenic genera were found in the surrounding soil and water samples. A metagenomic analysis identified 14 types of ARGs (>1%), with the highest proportion of multidrug ARGs at 47%. A total of 28 subtypes of ARGs were detected (>1%), with macB the most prevalent. The correlation analysis revealed that several key phyla, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, were the main potential hosts and posed a positive correlation with the ARGs. Efflux pumps (60–66%) were the primary resistance mechanism, and each resistance mechanism was distributed in similar proportions in the microbial community.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122018322